YAHWism, Jesusism, Matthewism, Lukism, Markism, Paulism, Christianims
Topics on this page: Existence of Jesus | Incest in Bible | Killings by God | Bible on Sacrifices | Slavery in Bible | Contradictions in Bible | Christian Colonialism | Slave Trades | Burning Witches: Gynecide | Trail of Tears: Remove Indian Act | Myths and Existence of Jesus: counter arguments to Christians | End of World, Apocalypse, Parousia | Superstitions in Christianity | Hitler and Christianity
The central experience of Christian mythology is the sacrifice of an irreplaceable son by an all-powerful father whose will it was that the son should die violently - including Abraham's averted sacrifice* of Isaac and the completed sacrifice of Jephthah's daughter. ईसाई पौराणिक कथाओं का केंद्रीय अनुभव एक सर्वशक्तिमान पिता द्वारा एक अपूरणीय पुत्र का बलिदान है, जिसकी इच्छा यह थी कि पुत्र को हिंसक रूप से मरना चाहिए - जिसमें इब्राहीम द्वारा इसाक का बलिदान और जेफ्ताह की बेटी का पूरा बलिदान शामिल है। The father's desire for blood revenge against those who offend his power was satisfied for all time by this execution. It is based on interpretation of crucifixion as an offering from which the violent act of killing has been expunged. Excerpts from Britannica.com: Theotokos, (Greek: “God-Bearer”), in Eastern Orthodoxy, the designation of the Virgin Mary as mother of God. The term has had great historical importance because the Nestorians, who stressed the independence of the divine and human natures in Christ, opposed its use, on the ground that it compromised the human nature of Christ, and held that the more accurate and proper term for Mary was Christotokos (“Christ-Bearer”). The Council of Ephesus (CE 431), basing its arguments on the unity of the person of Christ, anathematized all who denied that Christ was truly divine, and asserted that Mary was truly the mother of God. The Council of Chalcedon (CE 451) used the term in formulating the definition of the hypostatic union (of Christ’s human and divine natures).
* At Saint Catherine's, two seventh-century encaustic paintings (one of each sacrifice) stand near the bema of the great church. The portraits frame the altar, hanging on twin marble pilasters, with Abraham on the left and Jephthah on the right.
Reference: Child Sacrifice in Egyptian Monastic Culture: from Familial Renunciation to Jephthah's Lost Daughter, Caroline T. Schroeder, University of the Pacific, cschroeder@pacific.edu. Non-participation in animal sacrifice does not always mean rejection of animal sacrifice.
Papal Bull: an official papal letter or document in Roman Catholicism. The name is derived from the lead seal (bulla) traditionally affixed to such documents. Since the 12th century it has designated a letter from the pope carrying a bulla that shows the heads of the apostles Peter and Paul on one side and the pope's signature on the other. Ecclesiastical: Connected with or belonging to the Christian Church - ईसाई चर्च-विषयक. Liturgy: a form or formulary according to which public religious worship, especially Christian worship, is conducted [Greek leitourgia = public service, worship of the gods]. Sacerdotal: relating to priests or the priesthood, relating to or denoting a doctrine which ascribes sacrificial functions and spiritual or supernatural powers to ordained priests. Inquisition: the organization formed by the Roman Catholic Church to find and punish people who did not agree with its beliefs, especially from the 15th to the 17th century - रोमन कैथोलिक चर्च का बनाया संगठन (धर्माधिकरण) जो चर्च की मान्यताओं में विश्वास न करने वालों का पता लगाकर उन्हें दंडित करता था (विशेषतः 15 वीं से 17 वीं सदी तक) , heresy: a (religious) opinion or belief that is different from what is generally accepted to be true - सर्वमान्य मान्यता से विपरीत धारणा
Epiphany, Nativity, Christmas= "Mass on Christ’s day", Yule became a name for Christmas about the 9th century. Christians had referred to the followers of non-Abrahamic religions with the Latin term pagani ('pagans') since at least the 4th century. Absolution: in the Christian Church - a formal statement that a person is forgiven for what he or she has done wrong, ईसाई समुदाय में - अपराध या पाप करने वाले को क्षमादान की औपचारिक घोषणा Auricular Confession: Confession ‘to the ear’ [Lat. ad auriculam, sc. of a priest], i.e. the confession of sins to God in the presence of a priest authorized to forgive them in His name. After the passage of Archbishop Arundel's "Constitutions" (1409), vernacular Scriptures translated during Wyclif's time were illegal and figured in many trials for heresy. Penance: प्रायश्चित Eucharist: In the celebration of the Eucharist, bread and wine become the Body and Blood of Jesus Christ through the power of the Holy Spirit and the instrumentality of the priest. Auricular Confessions: confession of sins to God in the presence of a priest authorized to forgive them in His name. Sacrament: ritual regarded as imparting divine grace, such as baptism. Consecrate: to state formally in a special ceremony that a place or an object can be used for religious purposes / धार्मिक उद्देश्य से किसी स्थान या वस्तु को औपचारिक रूप से संस्कारित करना - At a consecration, holy oils are normally used while at blessings, customarily holy water. The ordinary minister of a consecration is a bishop, while the ordinary minister of a blessing is a priest. Anointment: ritual application of oil or fat to the head or body of a person or to an object. Baptism: a sacrament of admission to Christianity. Exorcism: an adjuration addressed to evil spirits to force them to abandon an object, place, or person.
Myths of Christianity: Nativity - the birth of Jesus, Annunciation: the announcement of the Incarnation by the angel Gabriel to Mary (Luke 1:26–38), "Jesus sacrificed himself to himself to please (appease) himself as per the rules he made himself!" Communion cup Beatification: (in the Roman Catholic Church) declaration by the Pope that a dead person is in a state of bliss, constituting a first step towards canonization and permitting public veneration. Canonization: (in the Roman Catholic Church) the official admission of a dead person into sainthood, admission into a canon [a generally accepted rule, standard or principle by which something is judged] of literary or artistic works. Apocryphal: (of a story or statement) of doubtful authenticity, although widely circulated as being true -संदिग्ध प्रामाणिकता की, हालांकि व्यापक रूप से सच होने के रूप में परिचालित. Apocrypha, (from Greek apokryptein, “to hide away”), in biblical literature, works outside an accepted canon of scripture. New Testament includes a number of works and fragments that are described by a second meaning of the term deuterocanonical: “added later.” The Letter to the Hebrews attributed to Paul, who died before it was written, is one of these. Others are the letters of James, Peter (II), John (II and III), and Jude, and the Revelation to John. Fragments include Mark 16:9–20, Luke 22:43–44, and John 7:53 and8:1–11. Kerygma: the preaching or proclamation of the Christian gospel. Veil of Veronica: is depicted in the Stations of the Cross as a piece of fabric that was imprinted with Christ’s face during his walk to Golgotha. St. Veronica is legendary woman who, moved by the sight of Christ carrying his cross to Golgotha, gave him her kerchief to wipe his brow, after which he handed it back imprinted with the image of his face.
The term A.D. (year of lord) and B.C. (Before Christ) was coined in 525 A.D. Is it not a mythical circularity of extreme absurdity where the reference point is used to calculate a reference point? And the reason to coin the terms A.D. and B.C. was even more ridiculous: to find the day of the year when Ester should be celebrated! There is no celestial event such as solar or lunar eclipse which can be used to date 0 or 1 A.D. In nutshell, there is no proof or way which can be used to ascertain birth of Jesus from today, a date in 2024. The dates used by Romans were not absolute or fixed in some timeframe. There is no documentary evidence of how the crucifixion were carried out.Few early authors and theologian on Christism: Tertullian - Latin in full Quintus Septimus Florens Tertullianus [his early works, Ad martyras (To the Martyrs), Ad nationes (To the Nations), and Apologeticum (Defense)], Origen - Latin in full Oregenes Adamantius [his greatest work is the Hexapla, which is a synopsis of six versions of the Old Testament], Arnobius The Elder - [early Christian convert who defended Christianity by demonstrating to the pagans their own inconsistencies], Lactantius - full name Lucius Caecilius Firmianus Lactantius - referred to as the “Christian Cicero” by Renaissance humanists, Saint Epiphanius of Constantia bishop noted for his struggle against beliefs he considered heretical. His chief target was the teachings of Origen, a major theologian in the Eastern church whom he considered more a Greek philosopher than a Christian. Theologians: John Wyclif (1320-1384), John Bale (1495-1563), John Foxe (1517-1587), John Jewell, Nicholas Harpsfield, Lollard writers, Robert Parsons, William Tyndale (was executed in 1536 for defying the Church), Reginald Pecock (1395-1460), John Oldcastle (executed in 1419). Eighty percent of the text of the King James Version is taken from the Tyndale Bible. Almost nine-tenths of the New Testament portion of this version [KJV] can be found word for word in the Tyndale version of 1525.
The War of Investitures: Bishops and abbots were nominated and installed by rulers in a ceremony known since the second half of the 11th century as investiture.
Epistles: The word epistle means letter, and in New Testament studies it refers to 21 letters written by the apostles to churches or individuals. Not all of the epistles mention who wrote them. The epistle of James has traditionally been attributed to one of Jesus’ brothers, who became a Christian after Jesus’ resurrection. Others have suggested it was written by James son of Alpheus, mentioned as one of the original disciples. Jude is listed as written by a “brother of James,” and as a result, it has traditionally been attributed to another one of Jesus’ brothers. Very little is known about Jesus’ siblings.
New Testament, Scriptures of a religion Semitic in nature written entirely in Greek. How can a replica or copy of a copy of a copy.... help the experts determine the dating? Is there an online repository of manuscripts of Bible, where was it found, under what conditions (rolled, flat, sandwiched between stones...)? This would be interesting database! क्या बाइबल की पांडुलिपियों का एक ऑनलाइन भंडार है, जहां यह पाया गया था, किस स्थिति में (पत्थरों के बीच सैंडविच, लपेटा हुआ, सपाट, ) ...? यह दिलचस्प डेटाबेस होगा! As per few source, Yahweh is actually 'Baal' as many Torah associated sources of transcriptions indicate. Baal was the Canaanite God who is associated with child sacrifice by incineration. Mosaism: the ancient Hebrew religious and legal system attributed to Moses. Roman Catholic and the Eastern Orthodox bibles include a section called the Apocrypha, which consists of a collection of books not found in most Protestant bibles. Lausanne Covenant - 1974: “We affirm the divine inspiration, truthfulness and authority of both Old and New Testament Scriptures in their entirety as the only written Word of God, without error in all that it affirms, and the only infallible rule of faith and practice.” Preterists: those who hold that the prophecies in the Bible about the End Times have already been fulfilled. Note there is no salvation or baptism in OT but it is in NT.
Hellenic [ARCHAEOLOGY] - relating to or denoting Iron Age and Classical Greek culture (between Helladic and Hellenistic). Hellenistic: relating to Greek history, language, and culture from the death of Alexander to the defeat of Cleopatra and Mark Antony by Octavian in 31 BC. During this period Greek culture flourished, spreading through the Mediterranean and into the Near East and Asia and centring on Alexandria in Egypt and Pergamum in Turkey.
Old Testament: Hebrew text [written right-to-left, numbers left-to-right] Bible (Buy-Bull) or Torah, New Testament: originally written in Greek, not Hebrew or Aramaic. Tetragrammaton: the Hebrew name of God transliterated in four letters as (unspeakable) YHWH or JHVH and articulated as Yahweh or Jehovah. In OT [Genesis 4:26], god is written as (unspeakable) YHWH (all consonants - Y: yod, H: heh, W: wow, H: heh). Eloah is generic word for 'divinity'. In Latin, Y does not exist and I/J are variants of J. Thus, YHWH become Jehovah (JeHoWaH). Yahweh was used by St. Clement of Alexandria. The first and most commonly used name of God (in the Hebrew Old Testament) is Elohim. Chaldee [Chaldean Aramaic] language: This is a language used by the Biblical writers in certain portions of the Old Testament, such as: Dan. 2:4-7, 28; Ezra 4:8-6:18; 7:12-26; Genesis 31:46; Jeremiah 10:11. It is an Aramaic dialect, as it is sometimes called, as distinguished from the Hebrew dialect. Right to left scripts: Arabic, Aramaic, Azeri, Maldivian, Hebrew, Persian/Farsi
Vulgate, (from the Latin editio vulgata, “common version”), Latin Bible used by the Roman Catholic Church, primarily translated by St. Jerome. In 382 Pope Damasus commissioned Jerome, the leading biblical scholar of his day, to produce an acceptable Latin version of the Bible from the various translations then being used. His revised Latin translation of the Gospels appeared about 383. In 1546 the Council of Trent decreed that the Vulgate was the exclusive Latin authority for the Bible. The so-called Clementine Vulgate, issued by Pope Clement VIII in 1592, became the authoritative biblical text of the Roman Catholic Church.
The script of Hebrew language it called Abjad - the writing system that lets the reader supply appropriate vowels. Pure Hebrew is based on 3 letters root word and sometimes 4 letters. Magical Triangle of Solomon with the word Tetragrammaton. Didachē, (Greek: Teaching) also called "Teaching of the Twelve Apostles", the oldest surviving Christian church order, probably written in Egypt or Syria in the 2nd century. Philotheos Bryennios, Eastern Church theologian who discovered the Didachē manuscript. Christ's Second Coming, also called Second Advent or Parousia, in Christianity, the future return of Christ in glory, when it is understood that he will set up his kingdom, judge his enemies, and reward the faithful, living and dead.
Few Bible versions: NIV - New International Version, NKJV - New King James Version, NLT - New Living Translation, ISV - International Standard Version.
Reference - Aish Rabbi: The Five Books of Moses – comprised of Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers and Deuteronomy – was written down by Moses in 1273 BCE and includes all 613 commandments (mitzvahs). The Five Books of Moses has many names (Note that Moses itself is not a Hebrew but Egyptian name). It is referred to as the Bible (meaning 'book' in Greek), the Chumash (Hebrew for 'fifth'), the Pentateuch (Greek for "five scrolls") or generically 'Torah' – Hebrew for 'instructions', because its purpose is to instruct. In 500 CE, the Jewish people suffered an uprooting of their communities and two Babylonian rabbis – Rav Ashi and Ravina – compiled a 60-volume record of rabbinic discussions on the Mishnah, called the 'Gemara'. Together, the Mishnah and Gemara comprise what is commonly called the 'Talmud'.
[1]BABYLONIAN TALMUD: Original Text Edited, Corrected, Formulated, and Translated into English BY MICHAEL L. RODKINSON, First Edition Revised and Corrected BY THE REV. DR. ISAAC M. WISE, President Hebrew Union College, Cincinnati [2]CHRISTIAN WORSHIP: Its Origin And Evolution, A Study Of The Latin Liturgy Up To The Time Of Charlemagne, By Mgr. L. Duchesne
Yeshua a mythical name prevalent in Hebrew and Aramaic languages. Jesus is most prominently known for the name found in several translations of the Bible such as King James Version (KJV), New International Version (NIV)....Greek translations have Yeshua listed as Yesous, Yeshua cannot be found among Christian Bibles today. Jesus is the god Sun later changed to God's son!
The meaning of Torah is often restricted to signify the first five books of the Hebrew Bible (Old Testament) traditionally ascribed to Moses, the recipient of the original revelation from God on Mount Sinai. Jewish, Roman Catholic, Eastern Orthodox and Protestant canons all agree on their order: Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers and Deuteronomy. The Talmud, is the book of Jewish law which stretches to well over 10 million words across 38 volumes.
The gospels are anonymous by definition. No person has ever claimed to be the author of any of the four gospels in the New Testament. Christian writer of the early 2nd century, Justin Martyr, only ever referred to the gospels as a group - as the "memoirs of the Apostles" but never as something written by any specific names. Despite extensively quoting the gospels, Justin Martyr never said that Matthew, Mark, Luke or John wrote those 'memoirs'. It was only at the end of the second century, 150 years after the events described in the gospels, that the Christian leader Iranaeus claimed to know that the gospels had specific authors, and he nominated Matthew, Mark, Luke and John as those authors, based on 'tradition'. What were the native language of Luke, Paul, Matthew and Mark?
Early Disciples: Polycarp of Smyrna and Ignatius of Antioch: student of Apostle John, Erenaeus of Lyon: student of Polycarp - born in the early second century and wrote in the late second century, Clement of Rome: student of Peter and Paul, Peter was head of the twelve disciples of Jesus. Polycarp had been a companion of Papias of Hierapolis.
Can someone write a coherent story of resurrection without ignoring facts in all 4 Gospels? The answer is 'No'! The Gospel of Mark is the earliest one and as per chapter-3, the family of Jesus (mother, brother and sister) thought Jesus has gone out of mind. The Apostle Matthew (assumed author of the book of Matthew) was an 'assumed' tax collector for Rome before Jesus called him to be an apostle.
Lance of Longinus: Holy Lance Holy Spear, or Spear of Destiny, legendary relic that pierced the side of Christ at the Crucifixion. John 19:33–34, “But when they came to Jesus and saw that he was already dead, they did not break his legs. Instead, one of the soldiers pierced his side with a spear, and at once blood and water came out.” This final wound to Jesus’ body is the fifth of the Five Holy Wounds of his Passion, and the soldier has traditionally been identified as St. Longinus. According to Christian legend, Longinus suffered from an eye malady and was miraculously healed by the water and blood that fell from Jesus’ side when he pierced the body.
VALLEY OF ACHOR: site near Jericho where Achan was stoned to death for helping himself to some of the forbidden booty taken from Jericho (Josh. 7:24–26). Achor is mentioned in Joshua (15:7)
Christmas: There is no authoritative tradition bearing on the day of the birth of Christ. Even the year is uncertain. The latter, however, was determined at an early date from a consideration of two texts, Luke-iii. 1 and Luke-iii 23, which imply a synchronism between the thirtieth year of Jesus and the fifteenth year of the rule of Tiberius (28-29). As for the month and the day, Clement of Alexandria speaks of calculations which result in fixing these as the 18th or 19th of April, or even as the 29th of May. But these were private calculations upon which no festival observance could be made to depend. Reference: Page 257 of CHRISTIAN WORSHIP: Its Origin and Evolution, A Study of the Latin Liturgy up to the Time of Charlemagne, BY Mgr. L. Duchesne
Deuteronomy 32:44 - Moses came with Joshua son of Nun and spoke all the words of this song in the hearing of the people. In the Hebrew text, Joshua is named Yeshua bin-Nun (Neh. 8:17) and Yehoshua (1 Chron. 7:27). Elohim (Hebrew), Jehovas are used to refer to God in non-English versions. Jewish religion was also polytheistic and Yahweh was a 'storm' god.
EL: God or gods in Hebrew, IsraEL: Struggle with God - Genesis 32: 24-32, GabriEL: strength of god, MichaEL: he who is like god, RaphaEL: medicine of god, DaniEL: God is my judge, El Gibbor: god of strength, El Shaddai: God almighty
What was Jesus' surname? No matter what language you speak, someones name is their name, to call them by any other name is pure arrogance and manipulation! When Yeshua is translated into Greek, which the New Testament is derived from, it becomes Iēsous, which in English spelling is 'Jesus'. As per scholar Ben Swett: Joshua = Yahshua = Yah + shuah. Yah is short for Yahweh, and shuah is from yeshuah which means "to save, save alive, rescue".
Name and title: Ancient Jews usually had only one name and when greater specificity was needed, it was customary to add the father’s name or the place of origin. Thus, in his lifetime Jesus was called Jesus son of Joseph (Luke 4:22, John 1:45, 6:42), Jesus of Nazareth (Acts 10:38) or Jesus the Nazarene (Mark 1:24, Luke 24:19). After his death he came to be called Jesus Christ. Christ was not originally a name but a title derived from the Greek word christos, which translates the Hebrew term Messiah meaning "the anointed one". Jesus is from Nazareth.
Angels: Michael's name means "who is like God". God gave Michael the responsibility of protecting us as God protects us. Gabriel’s name means "hero of God". Gabriel is God’s hero because he communicates God’s message to people. Gabriel is considered the best for being the angel who announced to Mary that she would be the mother of God’s only Son. Raphael’s name means "God has healed". In the Bible, Raphael heals a blind man and is said to have stirred the water in a pool where Jesus healed a paralyzed man.
Brewer's Dictionary of Phrase and Fable, published 19th Century: Rice Christians - "Converts to Christianity for worldly benefits, such as a supply of rice to Indians. Profession of Christianity born of lucre, not faith."Questions:
Chapter-2: The first obvious, yet important thing to say about the Bible is that it is literature. I am a scientist who believes scripture to be the Word of God. Of course God, who is spirit, does not have a physical voice box, but he can communicate. बाइबल के बारे में कहने वाली पहली स्पष्ट तथा महत्वपूर्ण बात यह है कि यह एक साहित्य है। मैं एक वैज्ञानिक हूं जो शास्त्र को ईश्वर का वचन मानता है। निःसंदेह ईश्वर, जो आत्मा है, के पास फिजिकल वॉयस बॉक्स नहीं है, लेकिन वह संवाद कर सकता है।
Reference: theguardian.com/world/2020/mar/16/defrocked-french-priest-jailed-for-abusing-scouts-over-20-year-period
Abrahamic Supremacy - Gets Owned, Got Demolished, Gets Destroyed, Saved by Jesus, Islam Ruled the World, Outgunned. Retort: Not so much destroyed as rotten's corpse of pedophet Muhammad in desert somewhere! Masochistic nonsense. I know pursuit of knowledge angers most of Abrahamics. When Abrahamics mock vegetarian food: Let the "talking snake" appear and guide us on what to eat and what not to eat before sermon of salvation! Just because someone dies or died for a belief does not make that faith true! Islamists are brainwashed by telling them that the world owe them everything for free - interest on money is forbidden but alms / baksheesh, subsidy, donation... are perfectly acceptable. You are not far from what and who you are accusing to - even worse than that! Jesus is as true as Santa Clause YHWH is water: it takes 3 forms and still same - water, ice and steam!
Bible was given by church and one-third of Bible existed before Christ. Protestants and Catholics have different Bibles. 33,089 Christian denominations world-wide with 25 principal forms of Eastern Orthodoxy! What can be asserted without evidence can be dismissed without evidence. Superstitious Jesusists hanging people for telling Earth rotates around the Sun. Barbaric Chrustians hunting witches and burning them on steak. Genociding and slave trading Christians gave women voting right in 1920, almost 130 years after first election of 1788–1789 in USA. Religion who belived in caste system of their prophets and messiah (lineage of David) are upset with Hinduism. The virgin will conceive and give birth to a son, and will call him Immanuel!
Jesus could heal a crippled woman and man with dropsy, healed a blind man, raised Lazarus from the Dead, raised Jairus’ daughter, walked on water, fed 5000 humans from few loafs and fishes... but he could not give his apostles written documents to preach his sayings to the rest of the world. At the end of the day, the gospels are still anonymous. Any amount of textual evidences and clues from other writings, none of the evidence for or against these authors is conclusive.
God's days and years are not same as our notion of days and years, God's 1 day = our 1000 years. Matthew 12:40 " For just as Jonah was three days and three nights in the belly of the great fish, so will the Son of Man be three days and three nights in the heart of the earth." When Jesus said that he will return in 3 days, was it human 3 days or human 3000 years?
Anonymous unverifiable account, how many martyrs are mentioned in Gospels? What evidence do we have of resurrrection out of Gospels? What are the names of scribes who wrote the very first version of books that make New Testament? Historians may conclude or assert that someone named 'Jesus' existed but they cannot confirm that 'Jesus' from "Virgin Birth" existed. Paul did not know Jesus of New Testament but he knew his brother named James. Which brother (step-brother, cousing brother) - who was the mother? ‘Now the birth of Jesus Christ took place in this way. When his mother Mary had been betrothed to Joseph, before they came together she was found to be with child of the Holy Spirit.’ - (Mattew. 1:18) ‘Joseph took his wife, but knew her not until she had borne a son.’ - (Matthew. 1:24-5). ‘And Mary said to the angel, “How shall this be, since I have no husband?” And the angel said to her, “The Holy Spirit will come upon you”.’ - (Luke 1:34-5)
Jesus's love letter starts with: "You are wicked sinners who deserve to suffer unless you worship me". Only a dominatrix serial killer would do that.
The myth of Christ is based on a lady who stuck to her story of extra-mariatal affair. Which is more likely: "That a teenager lied about her pregnancy or that the almighty, all-knowing God impregnated her? Tri-nity: 1 x 1 x 1 = 1 but Poly-nity: 1 x 1 x 1 x 1 x 1 .... ≠ 1
Jesus: Worship me and I shall save you!
Man: Save me from what?
Jesus: From what will happen to you if you do not worship me!
What can be confirmed about Jesus? Nothing - No first hand account, mostly third hand account and sometimes second hand account.
A ghost resurrected from grave which has no traces! Flat-earthers taking burden to clean the races! Jesus body was in the tomb between crucifix and resurrection, where was his spirit during that period? Gospel of Nicodemus (pseudonym) tells legend about spirit of Jesus between crucifixion and resurrection. If Jesus was free from sins, how can he be human? If he was born out of a human, why Mary did not pass on the sin nuture like other mothers? Proto Gospels of James tells story about birth of Mary. Christianity is a mockery of human race! There is no documented records on how crucifixion were carried out.
It was God's plan all along for us to screw up God's plan, so he has to punish us for what he planned for us to do all along in order to convince us to try not to screw up his plan that he planned for us to screw up. It's all so clear as Zamzam water!
To prove that Jesus existed, you have to prove that New Testament documents are authentic. To prove that NT documents are authentic, you need to prove that Paul, Mark, Matthew, Luke and John existed and wrote these books. Paul never met Jesus, Mark / Matthew / John / Luke are anonymous works starting 50 years after estimate death of Jesus. When you question the date of Birth for Jesus: "We celebrate not the day but the occasion!" Tactius (wrote what he heard) Annals, Book 15, Chapter 44, written around AD 116 mentions 'Christus'.
The closest one can get to a claim of authorship is at the very end of the Book of John, where the author implies that the book was written by “the disciple whom Jesus loved”: John 21:24 but here also the name John is not mentioned. The book of Matthew calls him Matthew, Mark and Luke both identify this man as Levi. Lists of the apostles in all 4 gosples include Matthew, and none of them include someone named Levi. According to fourth-century historian Eusebius, Papias said this about Matthew: “Matthew compiled (or ‘arranged,’ or ‘composed’) the logia (‘oracles,’ ‘sayings’ or perhaps ‘gospel’) in the Hebrew (or, ‘Aramaic’) language (or, ‘style’), and everyone interpreted (or, ‘translated’) them as best they could.” Papias' words were preserved by Eusebius of Caesarea from texts that he possessed in the fourth century. Both Papias and Irenaeus testify that Matthew’s Gospel originated in the language of the Hebrew people. No ancient Aramaic version of Matthew’s Gospel has, however, survived.
John wasn’t an apostle, and he wasn’t an eyewitness to the ministry of Jesus. Eusebius (who lived in fourth century) wrote that Papias (who lived in first~second century) was told by John the Elder (who is believed to be an apostle) that John Mark wrote this gospel based on Apostle Peter’s remembrances. At the beginning of Luke (1:1-4), the author seems to claim not to be an eyewitness to the ministry of Jesus, rather someone who has spoken to eyewitnesses and investigated their claims.
Apologetics: The absence of titles on the surviving portions of manuscripts does not mean that no names were originally present in any portion of these manuscripts. The same author is ascribed to the same Gospel in every titled manuscript.
As per second century Gallic Bishop Irenaeus: Book-3-Chapter-XI — "Proofs in continuation, extracted from St. Johns Gospel. The Gospels are four in number, neither more nor less. Mystic reasons for this." Paragraph-8: "It is not possible that the Gospels can be either more or fewer in number than they are. For, since there are four zones of the world in which we live, and four principal winds, while the church is scattered throughout all the world, and the "pillar and ground" of the church is the gospel and the spirit of life; it is fitting that she should have four pillars, breathing out immortality on every side, and vivifying men afresh."The Dogmatic Constitution on Divine Revelation clearly asserted, “Since, therefore, all that the inspired authors, or sacred writers, affirm should be regarded as affirmed by the Holy Spirit, we must acknowledge that the books of Sacred Scripture firmly, faithfully, and without error, teach that truth, which God, for the sake of our salvation, wished to see confided to the Sacred Scriptures”.
Flavious was admitted by Xristy scholars to be at best a partial forgery. If Xristy scholars admit that then the truth is that he didn't write it. Upon further exploration we see that the writing is out of touch with the writing style of Josephus Flavious and because we don't have the original it is highly suspect that he even wrote it. Of course, if you think Adam and Eve are real people and that the earth is 6,000 years old then I can't really do much to help you understand topics like this. If he did exist in real life, it would actually be more problematic for Xritians if he was a real historical figure as it would immediately invalidate the Bible. You see evolution is fact and there is no debate among biologists that evolution happens. This means that Adam and Eve are not real historical figures. If Jesus exists, then the Bible would lie about him and his families genealogies in Luke where it claims that Adam has a genealogy. This should be more than enough to disprove Xtianity but you must remember that Xristans do not operate on logic and will do what was taught to believe.
Missionaries in India
The History and Diaries of an Indian Christian (J. C. Aroolappen), written and compiled by Englishman G. H. Lang, presents perspective of an Indian Christian missionary. Throughout his diary entries, Aroolappen documented his travels through India urging his fellow countrymen to "seek their salvation before death approaches". In a diary entry on 31-Dec-1853, Aroolappen expressed his regret at not being able to convert more people: "We are sorry that we did work very little for the Lord. The harvest is great, and the labourers are few; and we see that many are still ignorant of their heathenism; but we ought to pray the Lord to open their eyes to the truth of the gospel."
Prior to this law being given in Leviticus 18 there are various instances of men marrying their sisters or other relatives. Abraham’s wife Sarah was his half-sister by a different mother (Genesis 20:11-13). Jacob married two of his female cousins (Genesis 29-30). Moses’ father married his aunt (Exodus 6:20). The law against incest doesn’t seem to have been in effect before God made the covenant with the Israelites at Mount Sinai. It is not known when Adam and Eve started having daughters (or for that matter whether Abel had a wife and children unmentioned in the narrative). The referral to the wives of the first two sons Cain and Abel, as if the wives they married were just two unimportant strangers and not their sisters. After Cain settles in the land of Nod, (Gen 4:17) read that “Cain knew his wife, and she conceived and bore Enoch”. But where did Cain’s wife come from?
This "Levitical law" forbids marriage among parent-child, sister-brother, grandparent-grandchild, uncle-niece, aunt-nephew, and between half siblings and certain close in-laws. It does not prohibit marriage among cousins. A man was forbidden to marry his brother's wife except when the brother died without leaving a child, in which case the surviving brother was urged to marry the widow although he had the option to refuse (Deuteronomy 25:5-10). There were early examples in Genesis of couples that would later be forbidden under the Law of Leviticus, for instance Abraham's marriage to his half sister Sarah.
Genesis 20:12: Besides, she actually is my sister, the daughter of my father, but not the daughter of my mother, and she became my wife. Terah is Sarai’s father-in-law according to Gen 11:31 and yet he is also her father according to Gen 20:12. She and Abram had different mothers but the same father, therefore, Abram was Sarai’s half-brother. When Abraham sent his servant to find a wife for Isaac, God directed him back to Abraham’s family. Isaac married Rebekah, the daughter of Bethuel, who was Nahor and Milcah’s son [Gen 24:15]. Thus, Isaac married his first cousin one removed. Put another way, he married his aunt’s granddaughter. Jacob married even closer relatives. He married his uncle’s daughters, who were his first cousins.
Apologist may ask: why incest is wrong as per you? The answer is that incest is not about intercourse. It is about the emotions and social construct: why the societies developed and why certain special relationships (father, mother, uncle, aunt, brother, sister, cousin...) evolved over time?
Papal Bulls: [1] 1184 - November 4 - Pope Lucius III - Ad Abolendam - Established the Inquisition, [2] 1452 June 18- Pope Nicholas V - Dum Diversas - It authorized Alfonso V of Portugal to reduce any “Saracens (Muslims) and pagans and any other unbelievers” to perpetual slavery. This facilitated the Portuguese slave trade from West Africa. [3] 1455 - January 5 - Pope Nicholas V - Romanus Pontifex - Extended to The Kingdom of Portugal, Alfonso V and his son, the Catholic nations of Europe dominion over discovered lands during the Age of Discovery. Along with sanctifying the seizure of non-Christian lands, it allowed for the enslavement of native, non-Christian people in Africa and World new to Europeans. [4] 1478- November 1 - Pope Sixtus IV - Exigit Sincerae Devotionis Affectus - Authorized King Ferdinand V of Aragon and Queen Isabella I of Castile to establish their own Inquisition as well as appoint inquisitors without interference from the Church.
European expansion was fueled by 3 Papal Bulls that the Western monarchies had a right to go to these new lands and to take from them their resources and if necessary to put down people, including enslaving them: The 3 bulls are "Dum Diversas (1452)" and "Romanus Pontifex (1455)" of Pope Nicholas V, and "Inter-Caetera (1493)" of Pope Alexander VI. Another Papal Bull, BONIFACE VIII, The Bull Unam Sanctam (1302) is similar in nature but not as savage like previous ones.Reference: The Gilder Lehrman Collection - www.gilderlehrman.org The Papal Bull Inter Caetera, issued by Pope Alexander VI on May 4, 1493, supported Spain’s strategy to ensure its exclusive right to the lands discovered by Columbus the previous year. The Bull stated that any land not inhabited by Christians was available to be discovered, claimed, and exploited by Christian rulers and declared that "the Catholic faith and the Christian religion be exalted and be everywhere increased and spread, that the health of souls be cared for and that barbarous nations be overthrown and brought to the faith itself."
Doctrine of Discovery was invoked in an 1823 U.S. Supreme Court ruling that Indigenous (native Americans) people had only rights of 'occupancy,' not ownership, over lands they had long lived on.
Brutum Fulmen: "Loud thunder" - An empty or ineffective threat. Brutum Fulmen was originally the name of a 1681 pamphlet by Thomas Lord Bishop of Lincoln denouncing the Papal Bull of Pius V, by which the Catholic Church excommunicated Queen Elizabeth of England to no serious effect. There is a book: BRUTUM FULMEN: BULL of the Pope Pius V. Concerning the Damnation, Excommunication, and Deposition Q. ELIZABETH as also the Absolution of her Subjects of their Oath of Allegiance with a Peremptory Injunction, upon Pain of an Anathema, never to Obey any of her Laws or Commands. With some Observations and Animadversions upon it: By THOMAS Lord Bishop of Lincoln. Whereunto is Annexed the Bull of Pope Paul the Third, Containing the Damnation, Excommunication, &c. of King Henry the Eighth - The Second Edition. London, Printed by S. Raycroft for Robert Clavel at the Peacock in St. Paul's Church-yard. MDCLXXXI.
Review: Pius V was neither the first nor last Pope, who Excommunicated and damned Kings and Emperors. Before him Pope Constantine, Gregory the Second, Gregory the Third, Gregory the Seventh, Gregory the Ninth, Innocent the Fourth, Paul the Third, &c. did the same thing. And, Gregory the Thirteenth, and Sixtus the Fifth, after him.
When English Protestants fled to Switzerland during the reign of the Catholic Queen Mary I, they drafted the Geneva Bible and used the Swiss spelling. Translators in England adopted the Geneva spelling by 1769. Joseph Stalin rose from Christian society. Tsars were Christian by faith.
Below: Protestands throwing Catholics from Bridge in England
BelowL Protestants stripped naked by Catholics in Ireland
Isaiah:36 (NIV) - Then the angel of the Lord went out and put to death a hundred and eighty-five thousand in the Assyrian camp. When the people got up the next morning - there were all the dead bodies!
The Coptic cross is a symbol of Coptic Christianity, the primary denomination of Egyptian Christians today. The cross comes in a number of different forms, some of which are obviously influenced by the older, pagan ankh symbol of eternal life. Coptic Christianity developed in Egypt under Saint Mark, writer of the Gospel of Mark. The Copts became separated from mainstream Christianity at the Council of Chalcedon in 451 CE over theological differences.
Rose Cross are generally Judeo-Christian in origin, has other meanings besides being the instrument of Christ's execution. The presence of the letters INRI, which is an abbreviation of the Latin phrase Iesvs Nazarens Rex Ivdaeorym, meaning "Jesus of Nazareth, King of the Jews", cannot escape Christian interpretation. According to the Christian Bible, this phrase was inscribed on the cross where Jesus was executed.
See You at the Pole (SYATP) is an annual event in which Christian students gather for prayer at their school's flagpole to pray for their families, friends, churches, and communities.
2 Timothy 2[KJV]: 16 All scripture is given by inspiration of God, and is profitable for doctrine, for reproof, for correction, for instruction in righteousness. 2 Corinthians 11: 7 Was it a sin for me to lower myself in order to elevate you by preaching the gospel of God to you free of charge?
Ephesians 5:25 ESV - Husbands, love your wives, as Christ loved the church and gave himself up for her!
Reference: nytimes.com/1992/10/31/world/after-350-years-vatican-says-galileo-was-right-it-moves.html -- More than 350 years after the Roman Catholic Church condemned Galileo, Pope John Paul II is poised to rectify one of the Church's most infamous wrongs -- the persecution of the Italian astronomer and physicist for proving the Earth moves around the Sun. By the end of his trial, Galileo was forced to recant his own scientific findings as "abjured, cursed and detested".
Reference: history.com/this-day-in-history/galileo-is-accused-of-heresy -- On April 12, 1633, chief inquisitor Father Vincenzo Maculani da Firenzuola, appointed by Pope Urban VIII, begins the inquisition of physicist and astronomer Galileo Galilei. Galileo was ordered to turn himself in to the Holy Office to begin trial for holding the belief that the Earth revolves around the sun, which was deemed heretical by the Catholic Church. Note: face of Christ was covered during proceedings of inquisition. Office of the Holy Inquisition has recently been renamed to "Congregation for the Doctrine of Faith".
Christianity murdered millions of native Americans and Australian aboriginals. The latter were even hunted like dogs. Christianity justified slavery and apartheid. It is an abominable creed. It is Christianity that led to Nazism and the Jewish holocaust, which ironically is the founding faith for Christianity (and Islam).
1 Timothy 2:5 (NIV) - 5 For there is one God and one mediator between God and mankind, the man Christ Jesus, 6 who gave himself as a ransom for all people. This has now been witnessed to at the proper time.
John 5:26-27 NIV) - 26 For as the Father has life in himself, so he has granted the Son also to have life in himself. 27 And he has given him authority to judge because he is the Son of Man.
Matthew 20:28 (NIV) - 28 just as the Son of Man did not come to be served, but to serve, and to give his life as a ransom for many.John 20:10-18 ESV - Then the disciples went back to their homes. But Mary stood weeping outside the tomb, and as she wept she stooped to look into the tomb. And she saw two angels in white, sitting where the body of Jesus had lain, one at the head and one at the feet. They said to her, “Woman, why are you weeping?” She said to them, “They have taken away my Lord, and I do not know where they have laid him.” Having said this, she turned around and saw Jesus standing, but she did not know that it was Jesus.
Matthew 26 - When Jesus had finished saying all these things, he said to his disciples, "As you know, the Passover is two days away—and the Son of Man will be handed over to be crucified." 23 Jesus replied, "The one who has dipped his hand into the bowl with me will betray me. 24 The Son of Man will go just as it is written about him. But woe to that man who betrays the Son of Man! It would be better for him if he had not been born."
Peter Disowns Jesus: Matthew 26 - 69 Now Peter was sitting out in the courtyard, and a servant girl came to him. "You also were with Jesus of Galilee", she said. 70 But he denied it before them all. "I don’t know what you’re talking about", he said.
Seventh level of hell, inferno: a place or a state that resembles or suggests hell
Revelation 16:8-9, ESV - The fourth angel poured out his bowl on the sun, and it was allowed to scorch people with fire. They were scorched by the fierce heat, and they cursed the name of God who had power over these plagues. They did not repent and give him glory. Isaiah 30:26, ESV - Moreover, the light of the moon will be as the light of the sun, and the light of the sun will be sevenfold, as the light of seven days, in the day when the Lord binds up the brokenness of his people, and heals the wounds inflicted by his blow.
Joel 2:31, ESV - The sun shall be turned to darkness, and the moon to blood, before the great and awesome day of the Lord comes. Psalm 104:19, ESV - He made the moon to mark the seasons; the sun knows its time for setting. Corinthians 15:41, ESV - There is one glory of the sun, and another glory of the moon, and another glory of the stars; for star differs from star in glory. Isaiah 45:6, ESV: That people may know, from the rising of the sun and from the west, that there is none besides me; I am the Lord, and there is no other.Joshua 10:13, ESV - And the sun stood still, and the moon stopped, until the nation took vengeance on their enemies. Is this not written in the Book of Jashar? The sun stopped in the midst of heaven and did not hurry to set for about a whole day. Joel 2:10, ESV - The earth quakes before them; the heavens tremble. The sun and the moon are darkened, and the stars withdraw their shining. Leviticus 22:7, ESV - When the sun goes down he shall be clean, and afterward he may eat of the holy things, because they are his food.
What a "Loving Scene" of "Torture and Execution" wearing the "Medieval Device of Torture" as necklace!
Rotten wine and spoiled bread with imaginary sour 'spirit'!
T-smoochers, meat-lovers and blood-suckers! Claim equality of blood with milk of mother!!
Christianity is cult of mythra and dagon - the fish god, Amen: egyptian god of life. Mythra is sun worship and Christians have mass on Sundays.
Mark 1: 10 Just as Jesus was coming up out of the water, he saw heaven being torn open and the Spirit descending on him like a dove.
2 Kings 2:11 As they were walking along and talking together, suddenly a chariot of fire and horses of fire appeared and separated the two of them, and Elijah went up to heaven in a whirlwind.
Revelation 17:1-18 ESV - Then one of the seven angels who had the seven bowls came and said to me, "Come, I will show you the judgment of the great prostitute who is seated on many waters, with whom the kings of the earth have committed sexual immorality and with the wine of whose sexual immorality the dwellers on earth have become drunk." And he carried me away in the Spirit into a wilderness, and I saw a woman sitting on a scarlet beast that was full of blasphemous names, and it had seven heads and ten horns. The woman was arrayed in purple and scarlet, and adorned with gold and jewels and pearls, holding in her hand a golden cup full of abominations and the impurities of her sexual immorality. And on her forehead was written a name of mystery: "Babylon the great, mother of prostitutes and of earth's abominations."
John 5: 2-4 (NKJV): Now there is in Jerusalem by the Sheep Gate a pool, which is called in Hebrew, Bethesda, having five porches. In these lay a great multitude of sick people, blind, lame, paralyzed, waiting for the moving of the water. For an angel went down at a certain time into the pool and stirred up the water; then whoever stepped in first, after the stirring of the water, was made well of whatever disease he had.
Mountain of God: Isaiah 37 (NIV) - 3 Now Moses was tending the flock of Jethro his father-in-law, the priest of Midian, and he led the flock to the far side of the wilderness and came to Horeb, the mountain of God.
Jesus on Crucification: the Cross
Exodus: 3 (NIV) - 2 There the angel of the Lord appeared to him in flames of fire from within a bush. Moses saw that though the bush was on fire it did not burn up.
Genesis: 32 (NIV) - 24 So Jacob was left alone, and a man wrestled with him till daybreak. 25 When the man saw that he could not overpower him, he touched the socket of Jacob’s hip so that his hip was wrenched as he wrestled with the man. 26 Then the man said, "Let me go, for it is daybreak." 30 So Jacob called the place Peniel, saying, "It is because I saw God face to face, and yet my life was spared." 32 Therefore to this day the Israelites do not eat the tendon attached to the socket of the hip, because the socket of Jacob’s hip was touched near the tendon.
Rosary: Within the Roman Catholic Church, the Rosary has five sets of ten beads. Each set of ten beads is called a decade. Each decade is separated by one large bead. Different prayers are recited for different beads. The "Our Father" or "Lord’s Prayer" is recited on the large bead while the "Hail Mary" is prayed on each of the small beads.
The Hail Mary prayer: Hail Mary, full of grace, the Lord is with thee. Blessed art thou among women and blessed is the fruit of thy womb, Jesus. Holy Mary, Mother of God, pray for sinners now and at the hour of our death. Amen. - Catechism of the Catholic Church. Libreria Editrice Vaticana. 1994.
Revelation:1 NIV) - 12 I turned around to see the voice that was speaking to me. And when I turned I saw seven golden lampstands, 13 and among the lampstands was someone like a son of man,[d] dressed in a robe reaching down to his feet and with a golden sash around his chest. 14 The hair on his head was white like wool, as white as snow, and his eyes were like blazing fire. 15 His feet were like bronze glowing in a furnace, and his voice was like the sound of rushing waters. 16 In his right hand he held seven stars, and coming out of his mouth was a sharp, double-edged sword. His face was like the sun shining in all its brilliance.
Revelation:22 (NIV) - Then the angel showed me the river of the water of life, as clear as crystal, flowing from the throne of God and of the Lamb 2 down the middle of the great street of the city. On each side of the river stood the tree of life, bearing twelve crops of fruit, yielding its fruit every month. And the leaves of the tree are for the healing of the nations.
Revelation 12:1-6 (ESV) - And a great sign appeared in heaven: a woman clothed with the sun, with the moon under her feet, and on her head a crown of twelve stars. She was pregnant and was crying out in birth pains and the agony of giving birth. And another sign appeared in heaven: behold, a great red dragon, with seven heads and ten horns, and on his heads seven diadems. His tail swept down a third of the stars of heaven and cast them to the earth. And the dragon stood before the woman who was about to give birth, so that when she bore her child he might devour it. She gave birth to a male child, one who is to rule all the nations with a rod of iron, but her child was caught up to God and to his throne.
Joshua: 5 (NIV) - The Fall of Jericho - 13 Now when Joshua was near Jericho, he looked up and saw a man standing in front of him with a drawn sword in his hand. Joshua went up to him and asked, "Are you for us or for our enemies?" 14 "Neither", he replied, "but as commander of the army of the Lord I have now come." Then Joshua fell facedown to the ground in reverence, and asked him, "What message does my Lord have for his servant?" 15 The commander of the Lord’s army replied, "Take off your sandals, for the place where you are standing is holy." [Note: the same statement appeared when Moses saw god in burning bushes - Exodus:3] And Joshua did so.
Ezekiel: 1 (NIV) - 27 I saw that from what appeared to be his waist up he looked like glowing metal, as if full of fire, and that from there down he looked like fire; and brilliant light surrounded him. 28 Like the appearance of a rainbow in the clouds on a rainy day, so was the radiance around him. This was the appearance of the likeness of the glory of the Lord. When I saw it, I fell facedown, and I heard the voice of one speaking.
The Catechism of the Catholic Church states, "He became truly man while remaining truly God. Jesus Christ is true God and true man." Catechism of the Catholic Church says, "The mystery of Christ's resurrection is a real event, with manifestations that were historically verified, as the New Testament bears witness."
Acts 1:14, NIV - They all joined together constantly in prayer, along with the women and Mary the mother of Jesus, and with his brothers. Luke 1:31 - You will conceive and give birth to a son, and you are to call him Jesus. Luke 11:27 - As Jesus was saying these things, a woman in the crowd called out, "Blessed is the mother who gave you birth and nursed you." Luke 1:34 "How will this be", Mary asked the angel, "since I am a virgin?" 35 The angel answered, "The Holy Spirit will come on you, and the power of the Most High will overshadow you. So the holy one to be born will be called the Son of God. Matthew 1: 18 - This is how the birth of Jesus the Messiah came about: His mother Mary was pledged to be married to Joseph, but before they came together, she was found to be pregnant through the Holy Spirit. 19-Because Joseph her husband was faithful to the law, and yet did not want to expose her to public disgrace, he had in mind to divorce her quietly.
The Hebrew Scriptures document approximately forty polygamists, including such prominent figures as Abraham, Jacob, and David. 2 Samuel 5:13 - "After he left Hebron, David took more concubines and wives in Jerusalem, and more sons and daughters were born to him." 1 Kings 11:3 - "He (Solomon) had seven hundred wives of royal birth and three hundred concubines... 4 - As Solomon grew old, his wives turned his heart after other gods, and his heart was not fully devoted to the Lord his God, as the heart of David his father had been... 5 - He followed Ashtoreth the goddess of the Sidonians, and Molek the detestable god of the Ammonites."
Cain said after God cursed him that he feared, "anyone who finds me will kill me”! If there were no other children of Adam and Eve around at this point, who could Cain be talking about?
Exodus 4: Killing of first-born babies, Exodus 12: 12 - For that night I will go through the land of Egypt and strike down every first-born in the land of Egypt, both man and beast; and I will mete out punishments to all the gods of Egypt, I the LORD.
Isaiah:37 (NIV) - 36 Then the angel of the Lord went out and put to death a hundred and eighty-five thousand in the Assyrian camp. When the people got up the next morning—there were all the dead bodies!
Judges: 6 (NIV) - 14 The Lord turned to him and said, "Go in the strength you have and save Israel out of Midian’s hand. Am I not sending you?"
The certainty of the worlds of spirits, and consequently, of the immortality of souls. of the malice and misery of the devils, and the damned. And of the blessedness of the justified: fully evinced by unquestionable histories of apparitions, operations, witchcrafts, voices, &c. ... by Baxter, Richard, 1615-1691; Philips, David Laing, former owner; Fane, Colonel Henry Hamlyn, fl.19th cent., former owner - Publication date 1691
Despite the claim that Christ converted the pagan-heathen of Europe into more civilized humans, following picture summarize the supertitions in sixteenth century. Excerpts from www.nationalgeographic.co.uk/history-and-civilisation/2022/10/a-german-werewolfs-confessions-horrified-1500s-europe: "On October 31, 1589, a large crowd gathered in the German city of Bedburg, near Cologne, to witness an execution. The condemned man was Peter Stump, a 50-year-old farmer who had confessed to making a pact with the devil. He wasn’t seeking riches; he wanted the ability to turn into a werewolf. His shocking crimes included multiple murders and cannibalism. Of the 16 people he killed, 13 were children–his own son among them, whose brain he allegedly devoured."
Excerpts from previous reference: "Stump (called Stubbe and Stumpf in some sources) suffered terribly during his execution, one of the most brutal on record. He was strapped to a wheel and skinned alive. His bones were broken. He was decapitated and then his body burned at the stake. As a warning, his head was impaled on a post in the centre of the village."
An English pamphlet, published in 1590, is one of the major sources of detail about the Stump trial. It includes illustrations like this colorized version of episodes from his story showing Stump as a werewolf, his arrest by authorities, his interrogation, and the stages of his brutal execution. He is finally burned alongside alleged accomplices.
1 Corinthians 12: 28 And God has placed in the church first of all apostles, second prophets, third teachers, then miracles, then gifts of healing, of helping, of guidance, and of different kinds of tongues.
Matthew 27: 51 At that moment the curtain of the temple was torn in two from top to bottom. The earth shook, the rocks split 52 and the tombs broke open. The bodies of many holy people who had died were raised to life. 53 They came out of the tombs after Jesus' resurrection and went into the holy city and appeared to many people.
Exodus 3: (NIV) - Moses and the Burning Bush - Now Moses was tending the flock of Jethro his father-in-law, the priest of Midian, and he led the flock to the far side of the wilderness and came to Horeb, the mountain of God. 2 There the angel of the Lord appeared to him in flames of fire from within a bush. Moses saw that though the bush was on fire it did not burn up. 3 So Moses thought, "I will go over and see this strange sight—why the bush does not burn up." 4 When the Lord saw that he had gone over to look, God called to him from within the bush, "Moses! Moses!" And Moses said, "Here I am." 5 "Do not come any closer", God said. "Take off your sandals, for the place where you are standing is holy ground". 6 Then he said, "I am the God of your father, the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac and the God of Jacob". At this, Moses hid his face, because he was afraid to look at God.Exodus 4: rod turning into a snake and back to a rod, changes in appearance of Moses' hands with "snowy flakes"
Acts: 5 (NIV) - 17 Then the high priest and all his associates, who were members of the party of the Sadducees, were filled with jealousy. 18 They arrested the apostles and put them in the public jail. 19 But during the night an angel of the Lord opened the doors of the jail and brought them out. 20 "Go, stand in the temple courts", he said, "and tell the people all about this new life."
John 6: 19 When they had rowed about three or four miles, they saw Jesus approaching the boat, walking on the water; and they were frightened. Matthew 14: 25 Shortly before dawn Jesus went out to them, walking on the lake.
Joshua 10:13-14 (NIV) - 13 So the sun stood still, and the moon stopped, till the nation avenged itself on its enemies, as it is written in the Book of Jashar. The sun stopped in the middle of the sky and delayed going down about a full day. 14 There has never been a day like it before or since, a day when the Lord listened to a human being. Surely the Lord was fighting for Israel!
Acts: 12 (NIV) - 6 The night before Herod was to bring him to trial, Peter was sleeping between two soldiers, bound with two chains, and sentries stood guard at the entrance. 7 Suddenly an angel of the Lord appeared and a light shone in the cell. He struck Peter on the side and woke him up. “Quick, get up!” he said, and the chains fell off Peter's wrists.
Luke 24: 39 (NIV) - "Look at my hands and my feet. It is I myself! Touch me and see; a ghost does not have flesh and bones, as you see I have".Daniel: 3 (NIV) - 25 He said, "Look! I see four men walking around in the fire, unbound and unharmed, and the fourth looks like a son of the god." So Shadrach, Meshach and Abednego came out of the fire, 27 and the satraps, prefects, governors and royal advisers crowded around them. They saw that the fire had not harmed their bodies, nor was a hair of their heads singed; their robes were not scorched, and there was no smell of fire on them.
Luke 16:22–23 (NIV) - 22 The time came when the beggar died and the angels carried him to Abraham’s side. The rich man also died and was buried. 23 In Hades, where he was in torment, he looked up and saw Abraham far away, with Lazarus by his side.
Revelation 21: Then I saw "a new heaven and a new earth," for the first heaven and the first earth had passed away, and there was no longer any sea. 2 I saw the Holy City, the new Jerusalem, coming down out of heaven from God, prepared as a bride beautifully dressed for her husband. 23 The city does not need the sun or the moon to shine on it, for the glory of God gives it light, and the Lamb is its lamp.
Mark 5:2–13 (ESV) - 2 And when Jesus had stepped out of the boat, immediately there met him out of the tombs a man with an unclean spirit. He lived among the tombs. And no one could bind him anymore, not even with a chain, for he had often been bound with shackles and chains, but he wrenched the chains apart, and he broke the shackles in pieces. No one had the strength to subdue him. Night and day among the tombs and on the mountains he was always crying out and cutting himself with stones. And when he saw Jesus from afar, he ran and wfell down before him. And crying out with a loud voice, he said, "What have you to do with me, Jesus, Son of zthe Most High God? aI adjure you by God, do not torment me." For he was saying to him, "Come out of the man, you unclean spirit!" And Jesus asked him, "What is your name?" He replied, "My name is bLegion, for we are many." And he begged him earnestly not to send them out of the country. Now a great herd of pigs was feeding there on the hillside, and they begged him, saying, "Send us to the pigs; let us enter them." So he gave them permission. And the unclean spirits came out and entered the pigs; and the herd, numbering about two thousand, rushed down the steep bank into the sea and drowned in the sea.
Acts 8:7 (NIV) - 7 For with shrieks, impure spirits came out of many, and many who were paralyzed or lame were healed.
Acts 19:14–16 (NIV) - 14 Seven sons of Sceva, a Jewish chief priest, were doing this. 15 One day the evil spirit answered them, "Jesus I know, and Paul I know about, but who are you?" 16 Then the man who had the evil spirit jumped on them and overpowered them all. He gave them such a beating that they ran out of the house naked and bleeding.
Matthew 12 (NIV) - 22 Then they brought him a demon-possessed man who was blind and mute, and Jesus healed him, so that he could both talk and see. 23 All the people were astonished and said, "Could this be the Son of David?". 25 Jesus knew their thoughts and said to them, 28 But if it is by the Spirit of God that I drive out demons, then the kingdom of God has come upon you.
Matthew 27:52-53 (ESV) - The tombs also were opened. And many bodies of the saints who had fallen asleep were raised and coming out of the tombs after his resurrection they went into the holy city and appeared to many.
Mark 9:4 (ESV) - And there appeared to them Elijah with Moses, and they were talking with Jesus.
Revelation 12:9 (ESV) - And the great dragon was thrown down, that ancient serpent who is called the devil and Satan, the deceiver of the whole world - he was thrown down to the earth, and his angels were thrown down with him.
Revelation 20:11-15 (NIV) - Then I saw a great white throne and him who was seated on it. The earth and the heavens fled from his presence, and there was no place for them. And I saw the dead, great and small, standing before the throne, and books were opened. Another book was opened, which is the book of life. The dead were judged according to what they had done as recorded in the books. The sea gave up the dead that were in it, and death and Hades gave up the dead that were in them, and each person was judged according to what they had done. Then death and Hades were thrown into the lake of fire. The lake of fire is the second death. Anyone whose name was not found written in the book of life was thrown into the lake of fire.
Hades - Greek words that is commonly translated as hell in the New Testament.Joshua 1-3(NIV): After the death of Moses the servant of the LORD, the LORD said to Joshua son of Nun, Moses' aide: 2 "Moses my servant is dead. Now then, you and all these people, get ready to cross the Jordan River into the land I am about to give to them--to the Israelites. 3 I will give you every place where you set your foot, as I promised Moses.
Head covering movement in Christianity, Orthodox christian women wear veil
Part of the shortcomings of the critique model is lack of precision in terms. The term critique of sacrifice must be reserved for positions which attack the practice of sacrifice itself, either its efficacy or its suitability as a religious action. In contrast, positions which attack a particular interpretation of sacrifice are not critiques of sacrifice. They are critiques of a particular interpretation of sacrifice.
1 Cor 5.7: Christ our paschal lamb has been sacrificed. Jesus died as a perfect sacrifice which replaced ineffectual animal sacrifice that God never really wanted.
Lev 1:13 - it is a a burnt sacrifice, an offering made by fire, of a sweet savour unto the Lord.
Animal life on the altar preserves and enhances human life. Instructions for the performance of various types of sacrifices are found in the first seven chapters of the book of Leviticus. There are five main types of grain and animal sacrificeSamuel: 2 (NIV) - 21 When her husband Elkanah went up with all his family to offer the annual sacrifice to the Lord and to fulfill his vow, 22 Hannah did not go. She said to her husband, "After the boy is weaned, I will take him and present him before the Lord, and he will live there always."
Exodus 12: 11 - This is how you shall eat it: your loins girded, your sandals on your feet, and your staff in your hand; and you shall eat it hurriedly: it is a passover offering to the LORD.
Samuel: 2 (NIV) - 24 After he was weaned, she took the boy with her, young as he was, along with a three-year-old bull, an ephah of flour and a skin of wine, and brought him to the house of the Lord at Shiloh. 25 When the bull had been sacrificed, they brought the boy to Eli, 26 and she said to him, "Pardon me, my lord. As surely as you live, I am the woman who stood here beside you praying to the Lord."
Judges: 6 (NIV) - 19 Gideon went inside, prepared a young goat, and from an ephah of flour he made bread without yeast. Putting the meat in a basket and its broth in a pot, he brought them out and offered them to him under the oak.
In the book of Judges, Jephthah vows to sacrifice the first living thing that walks through his door to greet him upon his return if God will provide him with victory in battle. Tragically, the first person who welcomes him home is his daughter, his only child. Jephthah, with his daughter's consent, fulfills his vow and enacts the sacrifice (Judge 11:30–40).
Acts 14:13 (NIV) 13 The priest of Zeus, whose temple was just outside the city, brought bulls and wreaths to the city gates because he and the crowd wanted to offer sacrifices to them.
Ezekiel 43:21 (NIV) You are to take the bull for the sin offering and burn it in the designated part of the temple area outside the sanctuary. Hebrews 9:13 (NIV) The blood of goats and bulls and the ashes of a heifer sprinkled on those who are ceremonially unclean sanctify them so that they are outwardly clean.
Numbers 15 (NIV) - 3 and you present to the Lord food offerings from the herd or the flock, as an aroma pleasing to the Lord - whether burnt offerings or sacrifices, for special vows or freewill offerings or festival offerings 4 then the person who brings an offering shall present to the Lord a grain offering of a tenth of an ephah[a] of the finest flour mixed with a quarter of a hin of olive oil. 5 With each lamb for the burnt offering or the sacrifice, prepare a quarter of a hin of wine as a drink offering.
If God hates human sacrifice, why did He sacrifice Christ on the cross and how could Jesus’ sacrifice be the payment for our sins? Bible makes it clear that God hates human sacrifice. The pagan nations that surrounded the Israelites practiced human sacrifice as part of the worship of false gods. God declared that such 'worship' was detestable to Him and that He hates it (Deuteronomy 12:31; 18:10). Furthermore, human sacrifice is associated in the Old Testament with evil practices such as sorcery and divination, which are also detestable to God (2 Kings 21:6).
God established the necessity of the shedding of blood to cover sin (Hebrews 9:22). In fact, God Himself performed the very first animal sacrifice to cover, temporarily, the sin of Adam and Eve. After He pronounced curses upon the first couple, He killed an animal, shedding its blood, and made from it a covering for Adam and Eve (Genesis 3:21), thereby instituting the principle of animal sacrifice for sin. When God gave the Law to Moses, there were extensive instructions on how, when, and under what circumstances animal sacrifices were to be offered to Him. This was to continue until Christ came to offer the ultimate, perfect sacrifice, which made animal sacrifice no longer necessary. “But those sacrifices are an annual reminder of sins, because it is impossible for the blood of bulls and goats to take away sins” (Hebrews 10:3–4).
Exodus 13:2 Consecrate to me every first-born that opens the womb among Israelites, both man and beast, for it belongs to me. Genesis 22:1-18: Take your son, your only son – yes, Isaac, whom you love so much – and go to the land of Moriah. Sacrifice him there as a burnt offering on one of the mountains, which I will point out to you.
Christians are those who believe Muhammad is a false prophet! There is no "Old Testament God" and "New Testament God". Both accounts (as well as all teachings of Jesus) are of the same God. Everything we know to be true of God in the Old Testament is still true of Him in the New, and vice versa. Our knowledge of the New Testament shapes the way we read the Old and so it goes the other way around.
Several scholars of the Hebrew Bible have persuasively argued that human sacrifice, even child-sacrifice, was normative (even if rare) in parts of the ancient Near East and that passages in the Christian Old Testament (including Judges 11) provide evidence that child sacrifice even to the God of the Israelites was acceptable. References: (1)"Sacrifice, Offerings, and Votives: Israel", in Religions of the Ancient World, ed. Johnston, 333–36. (2)Armin Lange, "They Burn Their Sons and Daughters—That Was No Command of Mine’ (Jer 7:31): Child Sacrifice in the Hebrew Bible and in the Deuteronomistic Jeremiah Redaction", in Human Sacrifice, ed. Finsterbusch et al., 109–32. Molech: to which babies were sacrified.Luke 14: 26 If anyone comes to me and does not hate father and mother, wife and children, brothers and sisters - yes, even their own life - such a person cannot be my disciple.
Matthew 10: 34 Do not suppose that I have come to bring peace to the earth. I did not come to bring peace, but a sword. 35 For I have come to turn "a man against his father, a daughter against her mother, a daughter-in-law against her mother-in-law 36 a man's enemies will be the members of his own household. 37 Anyone who loves their father or mother more than me is not worthy of me; anyone who loves their son or daughter more than me is not worthy of me. 38 Whoever does not take up their cross and follow me is not worthy of me.
Luke 12: 49 "I have come to bring fire on the earth, and how I wish it were already kindled! 50 But I have a baptism to undergo, and what constraint I am under until it is completed! 51 Do you think I came to bring peace on earth? No, I tell you, but division.
The Cities Jesus Cursed: The three cities of Bethsaida, Korazim, and Capernaum were the three largest and most important along the northern shore of the Sea of Galilee in Jesus day. Bethsaida, which literally means house of fishing, seems to have been the most populated city in Galilee. John 1:44 tells that the apostles Philip, Andrew, and Peter were from Bethsaida where Jesus was most active in his early ministry.
Mathew 11:20 - Then Jesus began to denounce the cities in which most of his miracles had been performed, because they did not repent. 21 "Woe to you, Korazin! Woe to you, Bethsaida! If the miracles that were performed in you had been performed in Tyre and Sidon, they would have repented long ago in sackcloth and ashes. 22 But I tell you, it will be more bearable for Tyre and Sidon on the day of judgment than for you. 23 And you, Capernaum, will you be lifted up to the skies? No, you will go down to the depths. If the miracles that were performed in you had been performed in Sodom, it would have remained to this day. 24 But I tell you that it will be more bearable for Sodom on the day of judgment than for you."
In Matthew 11:20-24 and Luke 10:13-15 where Jesus denounced/upbraided/cursed Chorazin, along with Bethsaida and Capernaum because the people rejected him in spite of the fact that in these cities Jesus spent a lot of time teaching and performed most of his miracles. The moral implication of receiving more revelations of God is to repent. Yet the people of Chorazin, Bethsaida and Capernaum did not repent. Before we make excuses for them that a prophet is not recognized in his hometown, these are not Jesus’ hometowns.[Ibid] From same reference: "The risks and benefits of women serving as witnesses will vary in different particular cases, and generally for differing types of documents. The greatest risks would be entailed by the involvement of women as witnesses for divorce."
And remember only [Jewish] women were the witness of empty tomb! Futher reading: Halakha - Jewish Law, "Halakhah existed from ancient times is confirmed from nonpentateuchal passages of the Bible, where, for example, servitude is mentioned as a legitimate penalty for unpaid debts (2 Kings 4:1)."
Reference: Women's Testimony and Talmudic Reasoning by Deena Kopyto at University of Pennsylvania [Kedma: Penn's Journal on Jewish Thought, Jewish Culture, and Israel] - "In Talmudic-era Babylonia and ancient Israel, testifying was a privilege that certain groups, including slaves, women, and children, did not enjoy."
Genesis 3:16 (NIV) To the woman he said, "I will make your pains in childbearing very severe; with painful labor you will give birth to children. Your desire will be for your husband, and he will rule over you."
1 Corinthians 11:3 (NIV) - But I want you to realize that the head of every man is Christ, and the head of the woman is man, and the head of Christ is God. 5 But every woman who prays or prophesies with her head uncovered dishonors her head - it is the same as having her head shaved.Deuteronomy 22 [NIV]: 5 A woman must not wear men's clothing, nor a man wear women's clothing, for the Lord your God detests anyone who does this.
Jerusalem as an Adulterous Wife: Ezekiel 16 - It talkes about embroidered cloth, jewelry, bracelets on arms and necklace around neck. "8 Later I passed by, and when I looked at you and saw that you were old enough for love, I spread the corner of my garment over you and covered your naked body. I gave you my solemn oath and entered into a covenant with you, declares the Sovereign Lord, and you became mine."
Corinthians 11:11-12: Nevertheless, in the Lord woman is not independent of man nor man of woman; for as woman was made from man, so man is now born of woman. And all things are from God. Corinthians 11:8-9: For man was not made from woman, but woman from man. Neither was man created for woman, but woman for man.
Corinthians 14:34-35: The women should keep silent in the churches. For they are not permitted to speak, but should be in submission, as the Law also says. If there is anything they desire to learn, let them ask their husbands at home. For it is shameful for a woman to speak in church.
Luke 16:18: "Anyone who divorces his wife and marries another woman commits adultery, and the man who marries a divorced woman commits adultery. Luke 19.27 But those enemies of mine who did not want me to be king over them—bring them here and kill them in front of me."
Luephesians 5.22: Wives, submit yourselves to your own husbands as you do to the Lord. 23-For the husband is the head of the wife as Christ is the head of the church, his body, of which he is the Savior. 24-Now as the church submits to Christ, so also wives should submit to their husbands in everything.
Timothy 2:11-15: 11 Let a woman learn quietly with all submissiveness. 12 I do not permit a woman to teach or to exercise authority over a man; rather, she is to remain quiet. 13 For Adam was formed first, then Eve; 14 and Adam was not deceived, but the woman was deceived and became a transgressor. 15 Yet she will be saved through childbearing—if they continue in faith and love and holiness, with self-control.
Deuteronomy 22:5: A woman shall not wear a man's garment, nor shall a man put on a woman's cloak, for whoever does these things is an abomination to the Lord your God. [Note: where are the garments for men and women are defined in OT / NT?]
John 6:53-57: Amen, amen, I say to you, unless you eat the flesh of the Son of Man and drink his blood, you do not have life within you. Whoever eats my flesh and drinks my blood has eternal life, and I will raise him on the last day. For my flesh is true food, and my blood is true drink. Just as the living Father sent me and I have life because of the Father, so also the one who feeds on me will have life because of me.
There are more than 200 bible verses that specifically belittle and demean women. Here are just a few: Genesis 2:22 Woman created from Adam's rib, 3:16 Woman cursed: maternity a sin, marriage a bondage, 19:1–8 Rape virgins instead of male angelsExodus 20:17 Insulting Tenth Commandment, 21:7–11 Unfair rules for female servants, may be sex slaves, 22:18 "Thou shalt not suffer a witch to live" 38:8 Women may not enter tabernacle they must support
Leviticus 12:1–14 Women who have sons are unclean 7 days, 12:4–7 Women who have daughters are unclean 14 days, 15:19–23 Menstrual periods are unclean 19:20–22 If master has sex with engaged woman, she shall be scourged, Numbers 1:2 Poll of people only includes men, 5:13–31 Barbaric adulteress test 31:16–35 "Virgins" listed as war booty
Deuteronomy 21:11–14 Rape manual, 22:5 Abomination for women to wear men's garments and vice-versa, 22:13–21 Barbaric virgin test, 22:23–24 Woman raped in city, she and her rapist both stoned to death, 22:28–29 Woman must marry her rapist, 24:1 Men can divorce woman for "uncleanness" not vice-versa 25:11–12 If woman touches foe's penis, her hand shall be cut off.
Judges 11:30-40 Jephthah's nameless daughter sacrificed, 19:22–29 Concubine sacrificed to rapist crowd to save man
I Kings 11:1–4 King Solomon had 700 wives and 300 concubines, Job 14:1–4 "Who can bring a clean thing out of an unclean? not one . . .", Proverbs 7:9–27 Evil women seduce men, send them to hell, 11:22 One of numerous Proverbial putdowns, Isaiah 3:16–17 God scourges and rapes haughty women, Ezekiel 16:45 One of numerous obscene denunciations, Matthew 24:19 "[woe] to them that are with child", Luke 2:22 Mary unclean after birth of Jesus, I Corinthians 11:3–15 Man is head of woman; only man in God's image, 14:34–35 Women keep in silence, learn only from husbands
When the bread and wine become the Body and Blood of Christ, why do they still look and taste like bread and wine? Does the bread cease to be bread and the wine cease to be wine?
Matthew 26:26 Now as they were eating, Jesus took bread, and after blessing it broke it and gave it to the disciples, and said, "Take, eat; this is my body." Luke 22:19-20 And he took bread, and when he had given thanks, he broke it and gave it to them, saying, "This is my body, which is given for you. Do this in remembrance of me." And likewise the cup after they had eaten, saying, "This cup that is poured out for you is the new covenant in my blood".
Excerpts from "Beginning with Torah Basics" - Wiley: The Torah, also known as the Five Books of Moses, is the most sacred object and the most important text of the Jewish people. As a sacred scroll found in every synagogue throughout the world, it’s referred to as a sefer Torah (say-fehr toe-rah; Torah scroll); as a bound book, it’s referred to as a chumash (khuh-mahsh; five). The Torah is more than a text, though; it’s also the spiritual tradition of the Jewish people, communicated by God (the Creator and Master of the universe) to Moses (the greatest prophet of the Jewish people) on Mount Sinai in 1280 BCE and handed down from generation to generation.
In 1633, the Inquisition of the Roman Catholic Church forced Galileo Galilei, one of the founders of modern science, to recant his theory that the Earth moves around the Sun. Under threat of torture, Galileo – seen facing his inquisitors – recanted. But as he left the courtroom, he is said to have muttered, ‘all the same, it moves’. Last week, 359 years later, the Church finally agreed. At a ceremony in Rome, before the Pontifical Academy of Sciences, Pope John Paul II officially declared that Galileo was right. The formal rehabilitation was based on the findings of a committee of the Academy the Pope set up in 1979, soon after taking office. The committee decided the Inquisition had acted in good faith, but was wrong. Reference: newscientist.com/article/mg13618460-600-vatican-admits-galileo-was-right.
1 Chronicles 16:30 - Tremble before him, all the earth! The world is firmly established; it cannot be moved.
Psalm 93: 1 - The Lord reigns, he is robed in majesty; the Lord is robed in majesty and armed with strength; indeed, the world is established, firm and secure. Psalm 104:5 - He set the earth on its foundations; it can never be moved. Psalm 96:10 [NKJV] - Say among the heathen that the Lord reigneth: the world also shall be established that it shall not be moved: he shall judge the people righteously.
Psalms 96:10 - Say among the nations, “The Lord reigns! Yes, the world is established; it shall never be moved; he will judge the peoples with equity.” Psalms 104:5 - He set the earth on its foundations, so that it should never be moved.Job 9:8 - He alone stretches out the heavens and treads on the waves of the sea. Job 37:18 [NKJV] - Hast thou with him spread out the sky, which is strong, and as a molten looking glass? Job 38:13 [NKJV] - That it might take hold of the ends of the earth, that the wicked might be shaken out of it?
Isaiah 45:12 - [NKJV] I have made the earth, And created man on it. I - My hands - stretched out the heavens, And all their host I have commanded.
Ask religious apologists: You aren't the first to impose upon me the old hoary arguments in defense of some literal Biblical interpretation. "Find me a Biblical passage that clearly says (or even vaguely suggests) that the earth is anything like a sphere and that it rotates with respect to the heavens and moves in a circle around the Sun. Surely, from a God's heavenly point of view, he/she/it would know that."
The religion which grew from a slave women is talking about caste system! The hereditary sinfulness is most brutal caste system. Genesis 16: 3 So after Abram had been living in Canaan ten years, Sarai his wife took her Egyptian slave Hagar and gave her to her husband to be his wife. 4 He slept with Hagar, and she conceived. 6 "Your slave is in your hands", Abram said. "Do with her whatever you think best". Then Sarai mistreated Hagar; so she fled from her.
1 Peter 2: 18 Slaves, in reverent fear of God submit yourselves to your masters, not only to those who are good and considerate, but also to those who are harsh. 21 To this you were called, because Christ suffered for you, leaving you an example, that you should follow in his steps.
Matthew 24:45-51 (NET: New English Translation): The Faithful and Wise Slave - 45. Who then is the faithful and wise slave, whom the master has put in charge of his household, to give the other slaves their food at the proper time? 46. Blessed is that slave whom the master finds at work when he comes. 47. I tell you the truth, the master will put him in charge of all his possessions. 48. But if that evil slave should say to himself, ‘My master is staying away a long time,’ 49. and he begins to beat his fellow slaves and to eat and drink with drunkards, 50. then the master of that slave will come on a day when he does not expect him and at an hour he does not foresee, 51. and will cut him in two, and assign him a place with the hypocrites, where there will be weeping and gnashing of teeth.
Colossians 3:22 [ESV] - Slaves, obey in everything those who are your earthly masters, not by way of eye-service, as people-pleasers, but with sincerity of heart, fearing the Lord.
Ephesians 6:5-7 [New International Version - NIV] - 5 Slaves, obey your earthly masters with respect and fear, and with sincerity of heart, just as you would obey Christ. 6 Obey them not only to win their favor when their eye is on you, but as slaves of Christ, doing the will of God from your heart. 7 Serve wholeheartedly, as if you were serving the Lord, not people.Ephesians 6:5-7 [NKJV] - 5 Bondservants, be obedient to those who are your masters according to the flesh, with fear and trembling, in sincerity of heart, as to Christ; 6 not with eyeservice, as men-pleasers, but as bondservants of Christ, doing the will of God from the heart, 7 with goodwill doing service, as to the Lord, and not to men.
Leviticus 25:44-46 [English Standard Version - ESV] - As for your male and female slaves whom you may have: you may buy male and female slaves from among the nations that are around you. You may also buy from among the strangers who sojourn with you and their clans that are with you, who have been born in your land, and they may be your property. You may bequeath them to your sons after you to inherit as a possession forever.
Exodus 21:2 [ESV] - When you buy a Hebrew slave, he shall serve six years, and in the seventh he shall go out free, for nothing. Exodus 21:20-21 [ESV] - When a man strikes his slave, male or female, with a rod and the slave dies under his hand, he shall be avenged. But if the slave survives a day or two, he is not to be avenged, for the slave is his money. Exodus 21:26-27 [ESV] - When a man strikes the eye of his slave, male or female, and destroys it, he shall let the slave go free because of his eye. If he knocks out the tooth of his slave, male or female, he shall let the slave go free because of his tooth.
Exodus 21:1-36 [ESV] - Now these are the rules that you shall set before them. When you buy a Hebrew slave, he shall serve six years, and in the seventh he shall go out free, for nothing. If he comes in single, he shall go out single; if he comes in married, then his wife shall go out with him. If his master gives him a wife and she bears him sons or daughters, the wife and her children shall be her master's, and he shall go out alone. Then his master shall bring him to the judges. He shall also bring him to the door, or to the doorpost, and his master shall pierce his ear with an awl and he shall serve him forever.
Titus 2:9-10 [ESV] - Slaves are to be submissive to their own masters in everything; they are to be well-pleasing, not argumentative, not pilfering, but showing all good faith, so that in everything they may adorn the doctrine of God our Savior.
Proverbs 22:7 [ESV] - The rich rules over the poor and the borrower is the slave of the lender.
MEDIEVAL IDEAS OF THE END OF THE WORLD: WEST AND EAST: Author(s): A. A. Vasiliev, Source: Byzantion, 1942-1943, Vol. 16, No. 2 (1942-1943), pp. 462-502, Published by: Peeters Publishers - "At the beginning of the fourt century, a Christian writer, Lactantius, who died some time after 317 A.D., attached much importance to the year 6000. In his work Divine Institutes he wrote: "I have already shown above that when six thousand years shall be completed this change must take place, and that the last day of the final conclusion is now drawing near... And although they vary, and the amount of the number as reckoned by them differs considerably, yet all expectation does not exceed the limit of two hundred years. The subject itself declares that the fall and ruin of the world shall shortly take place."
Matthew 24:29 Immediately after the tribulation of those days shall the sun be darkened, and the moon shall not give her light, and the stars shall fall from heaven, and the powers of the heavens shall be shaken: 30 and then shall appear the sign of the Son of man in heaven: and then shall all the tribes of the earth mourn, and they shall see the Son of man coming in the clouds of heaven with power and great glory. 31 And he shall send his angels with a great sound of a trumpet, and they shall gather together his elect from the four winds, from one end of heaven to the other.
Mass Suicide in USA:
On 18-Nov-1978 at Jonestown more than 900 followers of Peoples Temple affiliated with the Disciples of Christ died after drinking poison at the urging of their Christian leader James Jones. Note Jones was ordained to the church Disciples of Christ.On January 19, 1923, the Hasler Nachrichten reports: "Henry Ford is perhaps the biggest anti-semite of our time." The American automobile king was known in the twenties as the richest man in the world. The German Hitler movement grew and took strength from 1920 on under the direct, open and close participation of Ford. Only when Ford's public support was no longer necessary did he separate himself from anti-semitism. He continued to aid Hitler, however.
The Volksrecht (People's Rights) reported on September 19, 1945: The Ford works are accused of furnishing supplies regularly to the Nazis. The correspondent from TASS Agency in New York reports: "Documents discovered in Germany, as well as thorough investigation have proven that the American Ford Co. produced war materials for the Nazis and assisted German armaments before and during the war up to 1944. Before Pearl Harbor, Henry Ford himself approved the contracts between his factories and the Hitler government. In 1939 a gift of 50,000 marks is said to have been turned over to Hitler from representatives of the Ford works."
The strong financial connections between Sir Henry Deterding, head of the Royal Dutch Petroleum Co. and Hitler are well known and still fresh in the memory so that it is enough just to mention the name here. Konrad Heiden writes on this matter in his Hitler biography: "Direct and indirect financial connections to Henry Deterding. the great inspiration and donor to anti-bolshevist campaigns were not denied."
In 1927 an attack appeared against the anti-semites by C.A. Loosli: "The Evil Jews!" The author polemicizes mainly against the two literary leaders of anti-semitism, Henry Ford and Rosenberg. He uses the expressions "Ford and his swastika- confederates" (p. 57), "the German anti-semites in alliance with Ford" (p. 60) , "Mr. Ford and Mr. Rosenberg" (p. 33).
Hitler was made not only by German capital, but primarily by international and especially American capital that intervened decisively from the beginning, from ca. 1920, in the battle for power in Germany. If this German battle for power had been decided within the Weimar Republic by German means only, then Hitler would never have won. Hitler became the strongest man in Germany because he had access to the strongest international assistance. His strength and success can only be understood at all when this fact is taken into account.
Reference: britannica.com/place/Third-Reich - Third Reich, official Nazi designation for the regime in Germany from January 1933 to May 1945, as the presumed successor of the medieval and early modern Holy Roman Empire of 800 to 1806 (the First Reich) and the German Empire of 1871 to 1918 (the Second Reich). In 1923 German cultural critic Arthur Moeller van den Bruck published Das Dritte Reich ("The Third Empire" or 'Reich').
Christian mystics envisioned the history of man as a series of three thousand-year kingdoms: the "kingdom of the Father," the "kingdom of the Son," and the "kingdom of the Holy Spirit." This third kingdom (which the Nazis translated as the "Third Reich") was supposed to be actualized in the perfect world of the end of days, and as the Nazis came to power in the last century of the millenium, Hitler predicted that the Nazis' "Third Reich" would continue on for a thousand years.
Further Readings: The Coming of the Third Reich by Richard J. Evans - a professor of modern history at Cambridge, Rise and Fall of the Third Reich by J.F. Walters and G.W. Whitton, Germany Enters The Third Reich by Hoover Calvin, The Tragedy Of A Nation Germany 1918 1934 by Prince Hubertus, Hitlers Tweleve Apostles by Oswald Dutch
Christianity is the favoured faith in 28 of the 40 countries with a preferred religion. More than half of the total provide funds or resources for religious education programmes that largely benefit the preferred religion, and a third provide funding or resources for religious buildings. Christian churches receive preferential treatment in more countries – 28 – than any other unofficial but favored faith. pewforum.org/2017/10/03/ many-countries-favor-specific-religions-officially-or-unofficially.
The word 'Easter' does not occur in Bible. It was a pagan festival named after Goddess Eostre. The festival and Goddess predates Christianity by thousands of years. Christian simply adopted it and thus Ester originially had nothing to do with Jesus!
Russian law designates Christianity, Islam, Judaism and Buddhism as the country’s 'traditional' religions, while also recognizing the "special contribution" of Russian Orthodox Christianity to Russian history.
In addition to the 30 countries in this analysis, another 19 nations have religious requirements for ceremonial monarchs who serve as their heads of state. Sixteen of these, including the United Kingdom, Australia, Canada and New Zealand, are members of the Commonwealth of Nations with Queen Elizabeth II – also known as the Defender of the Faith – as their head of state. The other countries in this category are Denmark, Norway and Sweden.
NT: starting lines - Christ is born of Mary, She conceives by the power of the Holy Ghost, Our Lord is named Jesus. 1.16: And Jacob begat a Joseph the husband of Mary, of whom was born Jesus, who is called Christ.
Testimonies of supernatural events by people over 1000 years ago whether they refer to the Quran or the bible, are not credible accounts and are the weakest form of evidence. So we can safely say the Bible and the Quran are both wrong in that respect. And the Bible doesn't have 'multiple' witnesses. It has a claim by 1 person that there were multiple witnesses. That is quite an important distinction that many Christian don't seem to grasp.Genesis: 2.21-23: 21 And the Lord God caused a deep sleep to fall upon Adam, and he slept: and he took one of his ribs, and closed up the flesh instead thereof. 22 And the rib, which the Lord God had taken from man, made he a woman, and brought her unto the man. 23 And Adam said, This is now bone of my bones, and flesh of my flesh: she shall be called Woman, because she was taken out of Man. ||| However, there are two versions of the creation in Genesis. In one, Eve was created at the same time as Adam.
Who told the serpent what the effects of eating the fruit would be? If God knows everything in advance then it knew that Adam and Eve was going to eat the fruit so why act all surprised for?
6 At midnight the cry rang out: ‘Here’s the bridegroom! Come out to meet him!’ 7 Then all the virgins woke up and trimmed their lamps. 8 The foolish ones said to the wise, ‘Give us some of your oil; our lamps are going out.’ 9 ‘No,’ they replied, ‘there may not be enough for both us and you. Instead, go to those who sell oil and buy some for yourselves.’ 10 But while they were on their way to buy the oil, the bridegroom arrived. The virgins who were ready went in with him to the wedding banquet. And the door was shut.
11 Later the others also came. ‘Lord, Lord,’ they said, ‘open the door for us!’ 12 But he replied, ‘Truly I tell you, I don’t know you.’ 13 Therefore keep watch, because you do not know the day or the hour.Isaiah 7:14 / Matthew 1:23 ESV - Behold, the virgin shall conceive and bear a son, and they shall call his name Immanuel (which means, God with us). Esther 2:2 ESV - Then the king's young men who attended him said, “Let beautiful young virgins be sought out for the king. Psalm 68:25 ESV - The singers in front, the musicians last, between them virgins playing tambourines.
Ezekiel 44:22 ESV - They shall not marry a widow or a divorced woman, but only virgins of the offspring of the house of Israel or a widow who is the widow of a priest.1 Kings NIV: 1 When King David was very old, he could not keep warm even when they put covers over him. 2 So his attendants said to him, “Let us look for a young virgin to serve the king and take care of him. She can lie beside him so that our lord the king may keep warm.
1 Samuel 18:27: 27 Wherefore David arose and went, he and his men, and slew of the Philistines two hundred men; and David brought their foreskins, and they gave them in full tale to the king, that he might be the king's son in law. And Saul gave him Michal his daughter to wife.
1 Samuel 25 39 And when David heard that Nabal was dead, he said, Blessed be the Lord, that hath pleaded the cause of my reproach from the hand of Nabal, and hath kept his servant from evil: for the Lord hath returned the wickedness of Nabal upon his own head. And David sent and communed with Abigail, to take her to him to wife. 40 And when the servants of David were come to Abigail to Carmel, they spake unto her, saying, David sent us unto thee, to take thee to him to wife.
41 And she arose, and bowed herself on her face to the earth, and said, Behold, let thine handmaid be a servant to wash the feet of the servants of my lord. 42 And Abigail hasted, and arose and rode upon an ass, with five damsels of hers that went after her; and she went after the messengers of David, and became his wife.
Numbers: 31 (NIV) - 25 The Lord said to Moses, 26 “You and Eleazar the priest and the family heads of the community are to count all the people and animals that were captured. 27 Divide the spoils equally between the soldiers who took part in the battle and the rest of the community. 28 From the soldiers who fought in the battle, set apart as tribute for the Lord one out of every five hundred, whether people, cattle, donkeys or sheep. 29 Take this tribute from their half share and give it to Eleazar the priest as the Lord’s part. 30 From the Israelites’ half, select one out of every fifty, whether people, cattle, donkeys, sheep or other animals. Give them to the Levites, who are responsible for the care of the Lord’s tabernacle.” 31 So Moses and Eleazar the priest did as the Lord commanded Moses. 32 The plunder remaining from the spoils that the soldiers took was 675,000 sheep, 33 72,000 cattle, 34 61,000 donkeys 35 and 32,000 women who had never slept with a man. 36 The half share of those who fought in the battle was: 337,500 sheep, 37 of which the tribute for the Lord was 675; 38 36,000 cattle, of which the tribute for the Lord was 72; 39 30,500 donkeys, of which the tribute for the Lord was 61; 40 16,000 people, of whom the tribute for the Lord was 32. 41 Moses gave the tribute to Eleazar the priest as the Lord’s part, as the Lord commanded Moses.
42 The half belonging to the Israelites, which Moses set apart from that of the fighting men— 43 the community’s half—was 337,500 sheep, 44 36,000 cattle, 45 30,500 donkeys 46 and 16,000 people. 47 From the Israelites’ half, Moses selected one out of every fifty people and animals, as the Lord commanded him, and gave them to the Levites, who were responsible for the care of the Lord’s tabernacle.
48 Then the officers who were over the units of the army—the commanders of thousands and commanders of hundreds—went to Moses 49 and said to him, "Your servants have counted the soldiers under our command, and not one is missing. 50 So we have brought as an offering to the Lord the gold articles each of us acquired—armlets, bracelets, signet rings, earrings and necklaces—to make atonement for ourselves before the Lord.”
51 Moses and Eleazar the priest accepted from them the gold—all the crafted articles. 52 All the gold from the commanders of thousands and commanders of hundreds that Moses and Eleazar presented as a gift to the Lord weighed 16,750 shekels. 53 Each soldier had taken plunder for himself. 54 Moses and Eleazar the priest accepted the gold from the commanders of thousands and commanders of hundreds and brought it into the tent of meeting as a memorial for the Israelites before the Lord.Islam, Bible and Christianity on Child Marriages
Reference: A History of Deeds Done Beyond the Sea by William of Tyre -- Anias was just 8 years old when she reached Constantine while Alexios was 13 years old. Moreover, the wife of Alexios Kamanos I was 12 years old when she married and became an empress before attaining 15 years. As for the empress of Byzantium 'Theodora' the wife of Manwel, she was 13 years old when she married the Prince of Jerusalem "Baldwin III". Moreover, "Margret Maria Hingaria" married "Izak Anglos II" when she was nine years.Reference: Nicetae Choniatae Historia, 275-6. "Before Alexios completed the third year as an emperor, the cousin of his father Andronikos has appointed himself as an associate emperor (born in 1118 i.e. he was 65 years old) and then overthrew Alexios by force and married 'Aainas' although there were about 50 years of gap between them." The marriage of young girls to men over sixty years old was something usual in Europe among the governing class itself.
Social Abomination [Taboo, Superstitions] in Bible
Candlemas, Christian festival on February 2 commemorating the occasion when the Virgin Mary, in obedience to Jewish law, went to the Temple in Jerusalem both to be purified 40 days after the birth of her son, Jesus, and to present him to God as her firstborn (Luke 2:22–38).
britannica.com/topic/Christmas: The precise origin of assigning December 25 as the birth date of Jesus is unclear. The New Testament provides no clues in this regard. December 25 was first identified as the date of Jesus’ birth by Sextus Julius Africanus in 221 and later became the universally accepted date. One widespread explanation of the origin of this date is that December 25 was the Christianizing of the dies solis invicti nati (“day of the birth of the unconquered sun”), a popular holiday in the Roman Empire that celebrated the winter solstice as a symbol of the resurgence of the sun, the casting away of winter and the heralding of the rebirth of spring and summer.
britannica.com/topic/Christmas: None of the contemporary Christmas customs have their origin in theological or liturgical affirmations, and most are of fairly recent date. The Renaissance humanist Sebastian Brant recorded, in Das Narrenschiff (1494; The Ship of Fools), the custom of placing branches of fir trees in houses. Even though there is some uncertainty about the precise date and origin of the tradition of the Christmas tree, it appears that fir trees decorated with apples were first known in Strasbourg in 1605. The first use of candles on such trees is recorded by a Silesian duchess in 1611.
Christmas Wreaths after Candlemas: It is an old superstition that all the Christmas wreaths and evergreens must be taken away before Candlemas, or there will be goblin each will be a leaf.For look how many leaves there be Neglected there (maids, trust to me); So many goblins you shall see.As St. Valentine is the saint of lovers, it is an old saying that a bride must not be grieved in February, or the offender will see goblins. If a knife is dropped, the first visitor will be a lady; if a fork, a man. If you spill salt, put some on the stove, or on your right shoulder, three times.
To reinterpret the days of Genesis 1:1-2:3 as metaphorical eras or the like is to miss the whole emphasis of this story on God's introduction of a Sabbath rest in the week we all know. The Eucharist, or Holy Communion is the central rite of Catholic worship. Should Catholics receive communion on the hand or on the tongue? The Roman Catholic Church has seven holy sacraments that are seen as mystical channels of divine grace, instituted by Christ.
Saint Simeon the Stylite: refer this article oca.org/saints/lives/2022/05/24/101502-venerable-simeon-stylites-the-younger-of-wonderful-mountain where is is mentioned: "Saint John the Baptist again appeared to Saint Martha, and indicated where to find the lost boy‘Now the birth of Jesus Christ took place in this way. When his mother Mary had been betrothed to Joseph, before they came together she was found to be with child of the Holy Spirit.’ (Mattew. 1:18), ‘Joseph took his wife, but knew her not until she had borne a son.’ (Matthew. 1:24-5) ‘And Mary said to the angel, “How shall this be, since I have no husband?” And the angel said to her, “The Holy Spirit will come upon you”.’ (Luke 1:34-5)."
Mendicant: a member of a religious order (such as the Franciscans) combining monastic life and outside religious activity and originally owning neither personal nor community property - friarTithe: one tenth of annual produce or earnings, formerly taken as a tax for the support of the Church and clergy. वार्षिक उपज या कमाई का दसवां हिस्सा, जिसे पहले चर्च और पादरियों के समर्थन के लिए कर के रूप में लिया जाता था। Zealots: a person who is very enthusiastic and has strong beliefs, especially about religion and politics - विशेषकर धर्म एवं राजनीति के विषय में अतिउत्साही / कट्टरपंथी
Parousia: The time when Jesus Christ will return to judge humanity at the end of the world - SECOND COMING. The exact phrase “the Second Coming” is not used in the NT and does not occur in Christian literatures until the time of Justin Martyr (c. A.D. 150). The entire teaching of the NT makes it clear that Christ’s eschatological parousia is His Second Coming. This fact is expressly asserted in Hebrews 9:26-28. The concept of the parousia, or “Second Coming”, of Christ is also expressed in the NT by a number of other terms. The noun απoκαλυψις transliterated in English term apocalypse, means “an unveiling” or 'disclosure'.
Numbers 5:12-28 (NIV) - 12 Speak to the Israelites and say to them: "If a man's wife goes astray and is unfaithful to him 13 so that another man has sexual relations with her, and this is hidden from her husband and her impurity is undetected (since there is no witness against her and she has not been caught in the act), 14 and if feelings of jealousy come over her husband and he suspects his wife and she is impure—or if he is jealous and suspects her even though she is not impure- 15 then he is to take his wife to the priest. He must also take an offering of a tenth of an ephah of barley flour on her behalf. He must not pour olive oil on it or put incense on it, because it is a grain offering for jealousy, a reminder-offering to draw attention to wrongdoing."
1 Kings NIV: 1 When King David was very old, he could not keep warm even when they put covers over him. 2 So his attendants said to him, "Let us look for a young virgin to serve the king and take care of him. She can lie beside him so that our lord the king may keep warm."
Genesis 17: 10 This is my covenant with you and your descendants after you, the covenant you are to keep: Every male among you shall be circumcised. 11 You are to undergo circumcision, and it will be the sign of the covenant between me and you. 12 For the generations to come every male among you who is eight days old must be circumcised, including those born in your household or bought with money from a foreigner - those who are not your offspring.
16 The priest shall bring her and have her stand before the Lord. 17 Then he shall take some holy water in a clay jar and put some dust from the tabernacle floor into the water. 18 After the priest has had the woman stand before the Lord, he shall loosen her hair and place in her hands the reminder-offering, the grain offering for jealousy, while he himself holds the bitter water that brings a curse. 19 Then the priest shall put the woman under oath and say to her, "If no other man has had sexual relations with you and you have not gone astray and become impure while married to your husband, may this bitter water that brings a curse not harm you". 20 But if you have gone astray while married to your husband and you have made yourself impure by having sexual relations with a man other than your husband— 21 here the priest is to put the woman under this curse—“may the Lord cause you to become a curse[b] among your people when he makes your womb miscarry and your abdomen swell. 22 May this water that brings a curse enter your body so that your abdomen swells or your womb miscarries.
Acts-7:8 Then he gave Abraham the covenant of circumcision. And Abraham became the father of Isaac and circumcised him eight days after his birth. Later Isaac became the father of Jacob, and Jacob became the father of the twelve patriarchs.
Millerism: Religious leader William Miller began preaching in 1831 that the end of the world as we know it would occur with the second coming of Jesus Christ in 1843. He attracted as many as 1,00,000 followers who believed that they would be carried off to heaven when the date arrived. When the 1843 prediction failed to materialize, Miller recalculated and determined that the world would actually end in 1844. Follower Henry Emmons wrote, "I waited all Tuesday, and dear Jesus did not come … I lay prostrate for 2 days without any pain - sick with disappointment."
The Prophet Hen of Leeds: In 1806, a domesticated hen in Leeds, England, appeared to lay eggs inscribed with the message "Christ is coming." Great numbers of people reportedly visited the hen and began to despair of the coming Judgment Day. It was soon discovered, however, that the eggs were not in fact prophetic messages but the work of their owner, who had been writing on the eggs in corrosive ink and reinserting them into the poor hen's body.
Great Fire of London: Because the Bible calls 666 the number of the Beast, many Christians in 17th-century Europe feared the end of the world in the year 1666. The Great London Fire, which lasted from September 2 to September 5 of that year, destroyed much of the city, including 87 parish churches and about 13,000 houses. Many saw it as a fulfillment of the end of the world prophecy. Given such a large amount of property damage, though, the death toll of the fire was remarkably low, reportedly only 10 people - - not quite the end of the world.
Leviticus 14: 3-7 3 The priest is to go outside the camp and examine him. If the person has been healed of his infectious skin disease, 4 the priest shall order that two live clean birds and some cedar wood, scarlet yarn and hyssop be brought for the one to be cleansed. 5 Then the priest shall order that one of the birds be killed over fresh water in a clay pot. 6 He is then to take the live bird and dip it, together with the cedar wood, the scarlet yarn and the hyssop, into the blood of the bird that was killed over the fresh water. 7 Seven times he shall sprinkle the one to be cleansed of the infectious disease and pronounce him clean. Then he is to release the live bird in the open fields.
Some Popular Superstitions of the Ancients: Author(s): J. G. Frazer, Source: Folklore , Jun., 1890, Vol. 1, No. 2 (Jun 1890), pp. 145-171 - "Again, Pythagoras told his disciples never to point the finger at the stars. This is a very common superstition in Germany, where one reason given is that by pointing a finger at the moon or stars one would put out the eyes of the angels. Another reason given is that one's finger would drop off. If one has pointed at the stars, the only way to save one's finger from dropping off is to bite it". During the American Civi War it was a matter of common observation that rain followed the great battles.
Werewolves: history.com/news/werewolf-trials-europe-witches: Some 200 years before the witch trials in Salem, Massachusetts, courts in Europe were convicting men—and some women—of transforming into werewolves and mutilating and eating children. britannica.com/art/werewolf: In French folklore, the werewolf is called loup-garou. France was particularly afflicted with reports of them in the 16th century, and there were many notable convictions and executions of loups-garous.
Exodus-20: 5 You shall not bow down to them or worship them; for I, the Lord your God, am a jealous God, punishing the children for the sin of the parents to the third and fourth generation of those who hate me, 6 but showing love to a thousand generations of those who love me and keep my commandments.
Exodus-25: The Lord said to Moses, 2 "Tell the Israelites to bring me an offering. You are to receive the offering for me from everyone whose heart prompts them to give. 3 These are the offerings you are to receive from them: gold, silver and bronze; 4 blue, purple and scarlet yarn and fine linen; goat hair; 5 ram skins dyed red and another type of durable leather[a]; acacia wood; 6 olive oil for the light; spices for the anointing oil and for the fragrant incense; 7 and onyx stones and other gems to be mounted on the ephod and breastpiece."
Remember Noah's ark did not contain water. Bible / Jesus / Moses / Abraham are not just myths, they are PLAGIARIZED myths. There is nothing in Christianity that was not co-opted, corrupted or outright stolen from another religion or culture, nothing at all. I am not the gawd who killed innocent animals who was angered by what humans were doing.
Q: In the original manuscript, did they use numerals for numbers or words?
Genesis-9:11 I establish my covenant with you: Never again will all life be destroyed by the waters of a flood; never again will there be a flood to destroy the earth.
S. No. | Version-1 | Version-2 |
01 | God created men and women on the same day (Genesis 1:27) subsequent to the creation of all animals (Genesis 1:25). | God (Jehovah) created Adam first (Genesis 2:7), then animals and birds (Genesis 2:19) and finally Eve (Genesis 2:22). |
02 | Trees appeared before man (Genesis 1:11) | Earth was barren of vegetation at the time of man's creation (Genesis 2:5) and plantlife was created later (Genesis 2:8-9). |
03 | Genesis 2:7 - God created Adam first and Eve in the last (Genesis 2:22) | Genesis 5:1-2 is a third creation story which suggests the simultaneous creation of man and woman. |
04 | Genesis 6:4 The Nephilim lived on earth prior to "the Flood". | Numbers 13:33 Long after "the Flood", the Nephilim (the giant people) were still lived. |
05 | Genesis-9: 3 Everything that lives and moves about will be food for you. Just as I gave you the green plants, I now give you everything. 4 "But you must not eat meat that has its lifeblood still in it. | Deuteronomy 14:6-20: Prohibition on what kind of animals, water creatures and birds to eat! Deuteronomy 14:6 You may eat any animal that has a divided hoof and that chews the cud. |
06 | Genesis 12:4 So Abram went, as the Lord had told him; and Lot went with him. Abram was seventy-five years old when he set out from Harran. | Genesis-11:26 After Terah had lived 70 years, he became the father of Abram, Nahor and Haran. 32 Terah lived 205 years and he died in Harran. [Thus, Abram was 135 years old when Terah died.] |
07 | Genesis-3: 10 Come now therefore, and I will send thee unto Pharaoh, that thou mayest bring forth my people the children of Israel out of Egypt. | Genesis-4: 24 And it came to pass by the way in the inn, that the Lord met him, and sought to kill him. |
08 | Exodus-9:6 And the Lord did that thing on the morrow, and all the cattle of Egypt died: but of the cattle of the children of Israel died not one. | Exodus-9:20 He that feared the word of the Lord among the servants of Pharaoh made his servants and his cattle flee into the houses |
09 | Genesis-22: 14 And Abraham called the name of that place Jehovahjireh: as it is said to this day, In the mount of the Lord it shall be seen. | Exodus-6: 3 And I appeared unto Abraham, unto Isaac, and unto Jacob, by the name of God Almighty, but by my name Jehovah was I not known to them. |
10 | Deuteronomy-10:4 The Lord wrote on these tablets what he had written before, the Ten Commandments he had proclaimed to you on the mountain, out of the fire, on the day of the assembly. And the Lord gave them to me. | Exodus-34: 27 Then the Lord said to Moses, "Write down these words, for in accordance with these words I have made a covenant with you and with Israel." 28 Moses was there with the Lord forty days and forty nights without eating bread or drinking water. And he wrote on the tablets the words of the covenant - the Ten Commandments. |
11 | 1 Samuel 15:7 Then Saul attacked the Amalekites all the way from Havilah to Shur, near the eastern border of Egypt. 8 He took Agag king of the Amalekites alive, and all his people he totally destroyed with the sword. 9 But Saul and the army spared Agag and the best of the sheep and cattle. | 1 Samuel 27:8 Now David and his men went up and raided the Geshurites, the Girzites and the Amalekites. 9 Whenever David attacked an area, he did not leave a man or woman alive. |
12 | 1 Samuel 30: 17 David fought them from dusk until the evening of the next day, and none of them got away, except four hundred young men who rode off on camels and fled. 18 David recovered everything the Amalekites had taken, including his two wives. | 1 Chronicles 4: 42 And five hundred of these Simeonites, led by Pelatiah, Neariah, Rephaiah and Uzziel, the sons of Ishi, invaded the hill country of Seir. 43 They killed the remaining Amalekites who had escaped, and they have lived there to this day. |
13 | John-5:28 "Do not be amazed at this, for a time is coming when all who are in their graves will hear his voice 29 and come out - those who have done what is good will rise to live, and those who have done what is evil will rise to be condemned." 1 *Corinthians-15: 16 For if the dead are not raised, then Christ has not been raised either. | Job-7: 9 As a cloud vanishes and is gone, so one who goes down to the grave does not return. Ecc-9: 5 For the living know that they will die, but the dead know nothing; they have no further reward, and even their name is forgotten. |
14 | Deuteronomy-24:16 Parents are not to be put to death for their children, nor children put to death for their parents; each will die for their own sin. | Exodus-20: 5 You shall not bow down to them or worship them; for I, the Lord your God, am a jealous God, punishing the children for the sin of the parents to the third and fourth generation of those who hate me |
15 | 2 Chronicles 25: Parents shall not be put to death for their children, nor children be put to death for their parents; each will die for their own sin | Deuteronomy-5: 9 You shall not bow down to them or worship them; for I, the Lord your God, am a jealous God, punishing the children for the sin of the parents to the third and fourth generation of those who hate me |
16 | Romans-5: 18 Consequently, just as one trespass resulted in condemnation for all people, so also one righteous act resulted in justification and life for all people. | ***Romans-5: 19 For just as through the disobedience of the one man the many** were made sinners, so also through the obedience of the one man the many** will be made righteous. |
17 | Galatians 5: 2 Mark my words! I, Paul, tell you that if you let yourselves be circumcised, Christ will be of no value to you at all. 6 For in Christ Jesus neither circumcision nor uncircumcision has any value. | Philippians 3: 5 circumcised on the eighth day, of the people of Israel, of the tribe of Benjamin, a Hebrew of Hebrews; in regard to the law, a Pharisee. Luke 2:21 On the eighth day, when it was time to circumcise the child, he was named Jesus, the name the angel had given him before he was conceived. |
18 | Mark 1:9 At that time Jesus came from Nazareth in Galilee and was baptized by John in the Jordan. 12 At once the Spirit sent him out into the wilderness, 13 and he was in the wilderness forty days, being tempted by Satan. He was with the wild animals, and angels attended him. | 31 And I knew him not: but that he should be made manifest to Israel, therefore am I come baptizing with water. 34 And I saw, and bare record that this is the Son of God. 35 Again the next day after John stood, and two of his disciples; 36 And looking upon Jesus as he walked, he saith, Behold the Lamb of God! 37 And the two disciples heard him speak, and they followed Jesus. |
19 | Matthew 2: After Jesus was born in Bethlehem in Judea, during the time of King Herod, Magi from the east came to Jerusalem. 13 When they had gone, an angel of the Lord appeared to Joseph in a dream. "Get up", he said, take the child and his mother and escape to Egypt. | Luke 1: 26 In the sixth month of Elizabeth’s pregnancy, God sent the angel Gabriel to Nazareth, a town in Galilee, 27 to a virgin pledged to be married to a man named Joseph, a descendant of David. The virgin’s name was Mary. 39 At that time Mary got ready and hurried to a town in the hill country of Judea. 56 Mary stayed with Elizabeth for about three months and then returned home. |
20 | John 3:13 No one has ever gone into heaven except the one who came from heaven - the Son of Man. 2 Kings 2:11 As they were walking along and talking together, suddenly a chariot of fire and horses of fire appeared and separated the two of them, and Elijah went up to heaven in a whirlwind. | Hebrews 11:5 By faith Enoch was taken from this life, so that he did not experience death: "He could not be found, because God had taken him away." |
21 | John 3:36 Whoever believes in the Son has eternal life, but whoever rejects the Son will not see life, for God’s wrath remains on them. | Matthew 19: 17 Jesus replied. "There is only One who is good. If you want to enter life, keep the commandments." 21 Jesus answered, "If you want to be perfect, go, sell your possessions and give to the poor, and you will have treasure in heaven. Then come, follow me." |
22 | Matthew 9:9 As Jesus went on from there, he saw a man named Matthew sitting at the tax collector's booth. "Follow me", he told him, and Matthew got up and followed him. | Mark 2:14 As he walked along, he saw Levi son of Alphaeus sitting at the tax collector’s booth. "Follow me", Jesus told him, and Levi got up and followed him. |
23 | John 1:21 They asked him, "Then who are you? Are you Elijah?" He said, "I am not". Mark 9:13 But I tell you, Elijah has come, and they have done to him everything they wished, just as it is written about him. | Matthew 11: 14 And if you are willing to accept it, he is the Elijah who was to come. Matthew 17:12 But I tell you, Elijah has already come, and they did not recognize him, but have done to him everything they wished. In the same way the Son of Man is going to suffer at their hand. 13 Then the disciples understood that he was talking to them about John the Baptist. |
24 | Matthew 12:40 For as Jonah was three days and three nights in the belly of a huge fish, so the Son of Man will be three days and three nights in the heart of the earth. | Mark 15:33 At noon, darkness came over the whole land until three in the afternoon. 42 It was Preparation Day (that is, the day before the Sabbath). Matthew 28: After the Sabbath, at dawn on the first day of the week, Mary Magdalene and the other Mary went to look at the tomb. |
25 | Mark 14: 16 The disciples left, went into the city and found things just as Jesus had told them. So they prepared the Passover. Luke 22:13 They left and found things just as Jesus had told them. So they prepared the Passover. 16 For I tell you, I will not eat it again until it finds fulfillment in the kingdom of God. | John 18: 39 But it is your custom for me to release to you one prisoner at the time of the Passover. Do you want me to release "the king of the Jews"? John 19:14 It was the day of Preparation of the Passover; it was about noon. "Here is your king", Pilate said to the Jews. |
26 | Matthew 17: After six days Jesus took with him Peter, James and John the brother of James, and led them up a high mountain by themselves. 2 There he was transfigured before them. His face shone like the sun, and his clothes became as white as the light. 3 Just then there appeared before them Moses and Elijah, talking with Jesus. | Luke 9:28 About eight days after Jesus said this, he took Peter, John and James with him and went up onto a mountain to pray. 29 As he was praying, the appearance of his face changed, and his clothes became as bright as a flash of lightning. 30 Two men, Moses and Elijah, appeared in glorious splendor, talking with Jesus. |
27 | Exodus 4: 11 The Lord said to him, "Who gave human beings their mouths? Who makes them deaf or mute? Who gives them sight or makes them blind? Is it not I, the Lord?" | Lamentations 3: 32 Though he brings grief, he will show compassion, so great is his unfailing love. 33 For he does not willingly bring affliction or grief to anyone. |
28 | 2 Thessalonians 2:11 For this reason God sends them a powerful delusion so that they will believe the lie 12 and so that all will be condemned who have not believed the truth but have delighted in wickedness. | Ezekiel 14: 9 And if the prophet is enticed to utter a prophecy, I the Lord have enticed that prophet, and I will stretch out my hand against him and destroy him from among my people Israel. [OT does not give timeline of Messiah - there might be many, such as Simon of Paraea, before Jesus but all were silenced by time.] |
29 | Numbers 31:7 They fought against Midian, as the Lord commanded Moses, and killed every man. | Judges 6:1 The Israelites did evil in the eyes of the Lord, and for seven years he gave them into the hands of the Midianites. |
30 | Numbers 33: 38 At the Lord's command Aaron the priest went up Mount Hor, where he died on the first day of the fifth month of the fortieth year after the Israelites came out of Egypt. | Deuteronomy 10: 6 The Israelites traveled from the wells of Bene Jaakan to Moserah. There Aaron died and was buried, and Eleazar his son succeeded him as priest. 7 From there they traveled to Gudgodah and on to Jotbathah, a land with streams of water. |
31 | Matthew 23:35 And so upon you will come all the righteous blood that has been shed on earth, from the blood of righteous Abel to the blood of Zechariah son of Berekiah, whom you murdered between the temple and the altar. | 2 Chronicles 24:20 Then the Spirit of God came on Zechariah son of Jehoiada the priest. He stood before the people and said, “This is what God says: ‘Why do you disobey the Lord’s commands?" |
32 | Mark 11: 12 The next day as they were leaving Bethany, Jesus was hungry. 13 Seeing in the distance a fig tree in leaf, he went to find out if it had any fruit. 14 Then he said to the tree, "May no one ever eat fruit from you again." And his disciples heard him say it. 20 In the morning, as they went along, they saw the fig tree withered from the roots. [Jesus cursed the fig tree before purging the temple.] | Matthew 21: 18 Early in the morning, as Jesus was on his way back to the city, he was hungry. 19 Seeing a fig tree by the road, he went up to it but found nothing on it except leaves. Then he said to it, "May you never bear fruit again!” Immediately the tree withered. 20 When the disciples saw this, they were amazed. "How did the fig tree wither so quickly?" they asked. [Jesus cursed the fig tree after purging the temple.] |
33 | Matthew 27:3 When Judas, who had betrayed him, saw that Jesus was condemned, he was seized with remorse and returned the thirty pieces of silver to the chief priests and the elders. | Act 1: 18 With the payment he received for his wickedness, Judas bought a field; there he fell headlong, his body burst open and all his intestines spilled out. |
34 | Mark 15: 25 It was nine in the morning when they crucified him. | John 19:14 It was the day of Preparation of the Passover; it was about noon. 16 Finally Pilate handed him over to them to be crucified. |
35 | Luke 23:46 Jesus called out with a loud voice, "Father, into your hands I commit my spirit." When he had said this, he breathed his last. 44 It was now about noon, and darkness came over the whole land until three in the afternoon. | John 19:30 When he had received the drink, Jesus said, "It is finished." With that, he bowed his head and gave up his spirit. |
36 | Luke 24: Jesus appeared first to Celopas and Simon Peter, then to all eleven disciples; then he immediately ascended to heaven. | John 20: Jesus appeared first to Mary Magdalene, then to most of the disciples, a week later to a larger group of disciples, and later still to the disciples while they were fishing. |
37 | Acts 7: 15 Then Jacob went down to Egypt, where he and our ancestors died. 16 Their bodies were brought back to Shechem and placed in the tomb that Abraham had bought from the sons of Hamor at Shechem for a certain sum of money. | Genesis 50:13 They carried him to the land of Canaan and buried him in the cave in the field of Machpelah, near Mamre, which Abraham had bought along with the field as a burial place from Ephron the Hittite. |
38 | Galatians 4:22 For it is written that Abraham had two sons, one by the slave woman and the other by the free woman. Genesis 21: 3 Abraham gave the name Isaac to the son Sarah bore him. | Hebrews 11:17 By faith Abraham, when God tested him, offered Isaac as a sacrifice. He who had embraced the promises was about to sacrifice his one and only son. 18 even though God had said to him, "It is through Isaac that your offspring will be reckoned." |
39 | Revelations 8:7 The first angel sounded his trumpet, and there came hail and fire mixed with blood, and it was hurled down on the earth. A third of the earth was burned up, a third of the trees were burned up, and all the green grass was burned up. | Revelations 9:4 They were told not to harm the grass of the earth or any plant or tree, but only those people who did not have the seal of God on their foreheads. 7 The locusts looked like horses prepared for battle. |
40 | John 20:8-9 The disciples did not know or understand that Jesus was to rise from the dead. | Luke 14:6-8: Matthew 20:17-19. 27:63-64: Mark 8:31, 10:34 Jesus had carefully explained to them in simple terms what was going to happen. |
*1 Corinthians-15:51 Listen, I tell you a mystery: We will not all sleep, but we will all be changed— 52 in a flash, in the twinkling of an eye, at the last trumpet. For the trumpet will sound, the dead will be raised imperishable, and we will be changed.
** 'Many' - not 'All'
*** Romans-6:23 For the wages of sin is death, but the gift of God is eternal life through Christ Jesus our Lord.
Passover: Passover commemorates the Biblical story of Exodus — where God freed the Israelites from slavery in Egypt. The holiday is often celebrated for eight days (seven in Israel)
Judges 19 [NIV] - A Levite and His Concubine: 25 But the men would not listen to him. So the man took his concubine and sent her outside to them, and they raped her and abused her throughout the night, and at dawn they let her go. 29 When he reached home, he took a knife and cut up his concubine, limb by limb, into twelve parts and sent them into all the areas of Israel.
2 Samuel [NIV] - 13 Amnon and Tamar: In the course of time, Amnon son of David fell in love with Tamar, the beautiful sister of Absalom son of David. 11 But when she took it to him to eat, he grabbed her and said, "Come to bed with me, my sister." 14 But he refused to listen to her, and since he was stronger than she, he raped her.
Zechariah 14:2 [NIV] - I will gather all the nations to Jerusalem to fight against it; the city will be captured, the houses ransacked, and the women raped. Half of the city will go into exile, but the rest of the people will not be taken from the city.
Deuteronomy 22 [NIV] - If a man is found sleeping with another man's wife, both the man who slept with her and the woman must die. You must purge the evil from Israel.
Reference: britannica.com/biography/Innocent-VIII - Pope Innocent VIII, original name Giovanni Battista Cibo, (born 1432, Genoa—died July 25/26, 1492, Rome), pope from 1484 to 1492. Named bishop of Savona, Italy, in 1467 by Pope Paul II, he was made cardinal in 1473 by Pope Sixtus IV, whom he succeeded. His election was manipulated by Cardinal Giuliano della Rovere (later Pope Julius II), whose tool Innocent remained. The executions of persons thought to be practicing witchcraft were increasing throughout western Europe. In a bull of 1484 Innocent acknowledged belief in witchcraft, condemned it, and then dispatched inquisitors to Germany to try witches. In 1486 he persecuted one of the chief exponents of Renaissance Platonism, Pico della Mirandola, by condemning his theses and prohibiting his defence.
Text of ad abolendam issued by Pope Lucius III, Synod of Verona 4th November 1184:
To abolish the malignity of diverse heresies, which of late time are sprung up in most parts of the world, it is but fitting that the power committed to the Church should be awakened, that by the concurring assistance of the imperial strength, both the insolence and impertenence of the heretics, in their false designs, may be crushed, and the truth of catholic simplicity shining forth in the holy Church, may demonstrate her pure and free from the execrableness of their false doctrines. Wherefore we, being supported by the presence and power of our most dear son Frederick, the most illustrious Emperor of the Romans, always Increaser of the Empire, with the common advice and counsel of our brethren, and other Patriarchs, Archbishops, and many princes, who from several parts of the world are met together, do set ourselves against these heretics, who have got different names from the several false doctrines they profess, by the sanction of this present general Decree, and by our apostolical authority, according to the tenor of these presents, we condemn all manner of heresy, by what name soever it may be denominated.More particularly we declare all Cathari, Paterines, and those who call themselves the Humbled, or Poor of Lyons, Passagines, Josephines, Arnoldists, to lie under a perpetual anathema: and because some under a form of godliness, but denying the power thereof, as the Apostle saith, assume to themselves the authority of preaching, whereas the same Apostle saith, How shall they preach, except they be sent? We therefore conclude under the same sentence of a perpetual anathema all those who either being forbid or not sent, do notwithstanding presume to preach publicly or privately, without any authority received either from the apostolic see, or from the Bishops of their respective dioceses; as likewise all those who are not afraid to hold or teach any opinions concerning the sacrament of the body and blood of our Lord Jesus Christ, baptism, the remission of sins, matrimony, or any other sacraments of the Church, differing from what the holy Church of Rome doth preach and observe; and generally all those who the same Church of Rome, or the several Bishops in their dioceses, with the advice of their Clergy, or the Clergy themselves, in case of a vacancy of the see, with the advice, if need be, of neighboring Bishops, shall judge to be heretics. And we likewise declare all entertainers and defenders of the said heretics, and those that have showed any favor, or given countenance to them, thereby strengthening them in their heresy, whether they be called Comforted, Bellowers, or Perfect, or with whatsoever superstitious names they disguise themselves, to be liable to the same sentence.
And though it sometimes happens, that the severity of ecclesiastical discipline, necessary to the coercion of sin, is condemned by those who do not understand the virtue of it, we notwithstanding by these presents decree, that whosoever shall be notoriously convicted of these errors, if a Clergyman, or one that endeavors to conceal himself under any religious order, he shall be immediately deprived of all prerogative of the Church orders, and so being divested of all office and benefice, be delivered up to the secular power, to be punished according to demerit, unless, immediately upon his being detected, he voluntarily returns to the truth of the Catholic faith, and submits publicly to abjure his errors, at the discretion of the Bishop of the diocese, and to make suitable satisfaction. And as for a layman who shall be found guilty, either publicly or privately, of any of the aforesaid crimes, unless by abjuring his heresy, and making satisfaction, he immediately returns to the orthodox faith; we decree him to be left to the sentence of the secular judge, to receive condign punishment, according to the quality of his offense.And as for those who are taken notice of by the Church, as suspected of heresy, except at the Bishop s command they give full evidence of their innocence, according to the degree of suspicion against them, and quality of their persons, they shall all be liable to the same sentence. But those who after having abjured their errors, or cleared themselves upon examination, to their Bishop, shall be found to have relapsed into their abjured heresy; we decree, that without any further hearing they be forthwith delivered up to the secular power, and their goods confiscated to the use of the Church.
And we further decree, that this excommunication, in which our will is, that all heretics be included, be by all Patriarchs, Archbishops, and Bishops, renewed and repeated in all the chief festivals, and on any public solemnity, or upon any other occasion, to the glory of God, and the putting a stop to all heretical pravity; ordering by our apostolical authority, that if any Bishop be found wanting or slow herein, he be suspended for three years from his episcopal dignity and ad ministration.Furthermore, with the counsel and advice of Bishops, and intimation of the Emperor and Princes of the empire, we do add, that every Archbishop or Bishop, either in his own person, or by his Archdeacon, or by other honest and fit persons, shall once or twice in the year visit the parish in which it is reported that heretics dwell, and there cause two or three men of good credit, or, if need be, the whole neighborhood, to swear, that if they know of any heretics there, or any that frequent private meetings, or differ from the common conversation of mankind, either in life or manners, they will signify the same to the Bishop or Archdeacon: the Bishop also or Archdeacon shall summon before them the parties accused, who, except they at their discretion, according to the custom of the country, do clear themselves of the guilt laid to their charge; or if, after having so cleared themselves, they relapse again to their former unbelief, shall be punished at the Bishop s discretion. And if any of them, by a damnable superstition, shall refuse to swear, that alone shall suffice to make them heretics convict, and liable to the punishments before mentioned.
We ordain further, that all earls, barons, governors, and consuls of cities, and other places, in pursuance of the conmonition of the respective Archbishops and Bishops, shall promise upon oath, that in all these particulars, whenever they are thereto required, they wild powerfully and effectually assist the Church against heretics and their complices, and endeavor faithfully, according to their office and power, to execute the ecclesiastical and imperial statutes concerning the matters herein mentioned.But if any of them shall refuse to observe this, they shall be deprived of their honors and charges, and be rendered incapable of receiving others, and moreover be involved in the sentence of excommunication, and their goods be confiscated to the use of the Church. And if any city shall refuse to yield obedience to these decretal constitutions; or that, contrary to the episcopal commonition, they shall neglect to punish opposers; we ordain the same to be excluded from all commerce with other cities, and to be deprived of the episcopal dignity.
We likewise decree, that all favorers of heretics, as men stigmatized with perpetual infamy, shall be incapable of being attorneys or witnesses, or of bearing any public office whatsoever. And as for those who are exempt from the law of diocesan jurisdiction, as being immediately under the jurisdiction of the apostolic see; nevertheless, as to these constitutions against heretics, we will, that they be subject to the judgment of the Archbishop and Bishops, and that in this case they yield obedience to them, as to the delegates of the apostolic see, the immunity of their privileges notwithstanding.Matthew Hopkins, (born, Wenham, Suffolk, Eng.—died Aug. 12, 1647), English witch-hunter during a witchcraft craze of the English Civil Wars. In March 1644 he alleged his first discovery of witches—six of them, in Manningtree, who he claimed tried to kill him. He thereupon became a “Witch Finder Generall,” going about Essex, Suffolk, Norfolk, and Huntingdon getting villagers and townspeople to hire him and his two assistants (for a fee) to search out witches, force their confessions, and have them hanged by the authorities. Between 1644 and 1647 the hapless victims (including a few Anglican clergymen) numbered perhaps 230 or more.
The stories about Jesus are symbolic. He is just a personification of the sun, made into a god figure later on. The sun "dies" for 3 days on December 22nd, the winter solstice, when it stops its movement south, to be born again or resurrected on December 25th, when it resumes its movement north. In some areas, the calendar originally began in the constellation of Virgo, and the sun would therefore be "born of a Virgin" The sun rising in the morning is "the saviour of mankind" The sun is "The light of the World" The sun "walks on water" is just the reflection of the sun on water/the sea. "He cometh on clouds, and every eye shall see him", is just sun rays. Jesus' "crown of thorns" is just the sun's glare, also know as a halo. The sun's "followers", "helpers" or "disciples" are the 12 months and the 12 signs of the zodiac or constellations, through which the sun must pass. The sun at 12 noon is in the house or temple of the "Most High": thus.."he" begins "his Father's work" at "age" 12.
The sun enters into each sign of the zodiac at 30 degrees, hense, the "Sun of God" begins his ministry at "age" 30. The sun is hung on a cross or "crucified", which represents its passing through the equinoxes. The vernal equinox being Easter, at which time it is then resurrected. The reason why saviour myths are so similar with a godman who is crucified and resurrected, who does miracles and has 12 disciples, is that these stories were based on the movements of the sun through the heavens, an astrotheological development that can be found throughout the planet, because the sun and the 12 zodiac signs can be observed around the globe. In other words, Jesus Christ and all the others upon whom this character is predicated are personifications of the sun, and the Gospel fable is merely a rehash of a mythological formula revolving around the movements of the sun through the heavens. Jesus is a fictional allegory for the sun.
President Andrew Jackson's military command and almost certainly his life were saved thanks to the aid of 500 Cherokee allies at the Battle of Horseshoe Bend in 1814. Unbelievably, it was Jackson [Hitler of America] who authorized the Indian Removal Act of 1830 following the recommendation of President James Monroe in his final address to Congress in 1825. Jackson, as president, sanctioned an attitude that had persisted for many years among many white immigrants. Even Thomas Jefferson, who often cited the Great Law of Peace of the Iroquois Confederacy as the model for the U.S. Constitution, supported Indian Removal as early as 1802. President Andrew Jackson arrogantly defied the decision of the court and ordered the removal, an act that established the U.S. government's precedent for the future removal of many Native Americans from their ancestral homelands. Under orders from President Jackson the U.S. Army began enforcement of the Removal Act. The Cherokee were rounded up in the summer of 1838 and loaded onto boats that traveled the Tennessee, Ohio, Mississippi and Arkansas Rivers into Indian Territory. Many were held in prison camps awaiting their fate. An estimated 4,000 died from hunger, exposure and disease. The journey became a cultural memory as the trail where they cried for the Cherokees and other removed tribes. Today it is widely remembered by the general public as the Trail of Tears.
Reference: Teaching with Historic Places - National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior - The Trail of Tears and the Forced Relocation of the Cherokee Nation
On March 24, 1839, the last detachments arrived in the west. Some of them had left their homeland on September 20, 1838. No one knows exactly how many died during the journey. Missionary doctor Elizur Butler, who accompanied one of the detachments, estimated that nearly one fifth of the Cherokee population died. The trip was especially hard on infants, children, and the elderly. An unknown number of slaves also died on the Trail of Tears. The U.S. government never paid the $5 million promised to the Cherokees in the Treaty of New Echota.
Bottomline: Wherver there is a genocide, civil war, famine... a Christian Missionary or white colonialists will be present! The Treaty of Dancing Rabbit: It was the first treaty signed after the creation of the Indian Removal Act of 1830 to begin the removal of eastern Indians to the Indian Territory west of the Mississippi River. In it, the Choctaw ceded control of their communally held lands in central Mississippi and west-central Alabama, more than 10 million acres, to the U.S. government.
NDTV India: Radhika Roy and Prannoy Roy holds around 29.18% stake and 14.17% is owned by Abhey Oswal through Oswal Greentech Limited who is father-in-law of Congress Ex-MP and industrialist Naveen Jindal. Radhika Roy is sister of Rajya Sabha MP Brinda Karat who is wife of CPI(M) General Secretary, Prakash Karat.
THE TIMES GROUP: The company remains a family-owned business as the descendants of Sahu Jain own a majority stake in The Times Group.The Times of India. Times Now is part of the Times group which is a very big media house which operates Times of India, Mid-Day, Nav-Bharath Times, Stardust, Femina, Vijay Times, Vijaya Karnataka and Times Now. Times Group is owned by Bennet & Coleman. The Italian Robertio Mindo who has a share in the group is a close relative of Sonia Gandhi.
News 24 - Anuradha Prasad: Anuradha Prasad managing director of BAG films and wife of Congress Rajya Sabha MP Rajeev Shukla. She is the sister of BJP MP Ravi Shankar Prasad who is present Union Minister of Communications and Information Technology.
India News - Owned by Karthikeya Sharma, who owns the ITV Media group that operates many news channels including News X. Karthikeya Sharma and Manu Sharma (Convicted in Jessica Lal murder case) are sons of Congress leader Venod Sharma.
Tarana-i-Milli (Song of the Religious Community) by Iqbal-तराना-ए-मिल्ली: इक़बाल : Note how Iqbal refers to the Ka'bah as an 'idol-temple'.
चीन-ओ-अरब हमारा हिन्दोस्ताँ हमारा, मुस्लिम हैं हम वतन है सारा जहाँ हमारा |
Central Asia and Arabia are ours, Hindustan is ours. We are Muslims, the whole world is our homeland. |
तौहीद की अमानत सीनों में है हमारे, आसाँ नहीं मिटाना नाम-ओ-निशाँ हमारा |
The trust of Oneness is in our breasts, it is not easy to erase our identity. |
दुनिया के बुत-कदों में पहला वो घर ख़ुदा का, हम इस के पासबाँ हैं वो पासबाँ हमारा |
Among the world's idol-temples the first is that house of the Lord, we are its door-guards, it is our door-guard. |
तेग़ों के साए में हम पल कर जवाँ हुए हैं, ख़ंजर हिलाल का है क़ौमी निशाँ हमारा |
We were raised and have become youths, in the shadow of swords, the scimitar of the crescent moon is our 'group-related' sign. |
मग़रिब की वादियों में गूँजी अज़ाँ हमारी, थमता न था किसी से सैल-ए-रवाँ हमारा |
In the valleys of the west our call to prayer echoed, our moving flood did not stop on account of anyone. |
बातिल से दबने वाले ऐ आसमाँ नहीं हम, सौ बार कर चुका है तू इम्तिहाँ हमारा |
We are not, oh sky, ones to be oppressed by falsehood, a hundred times you've already tested us. |
ऐ गुलिस्तान-ए-उंदुलुस वो दिन हैं याद तुझ को, था तेरी डालियों में जब आशियाँ हमारा |
Oh garden of Andalusia! you remember those days, when our nest was in your branches. |
ऐ मौज-ए-दजला तू भी पहचानती है हम को, अब तक है तेरा दरिया अफ़्साना-ख़्वाँ हमारा |
Oh wave of the Tigris! you too recognize us, till now your river is our story-teller. |
ऐ अर्ज़-ए-पाक तेरी हुर्मत पे कट मरे हम, है ख़ूँ तिरी रगों में अब तक रवाँ हमारा |
Oh pure land! for your sacredness we have been cut down and have died, till now our blood moves in your veins. |
सालार-ए-कारवाँ है मीर-ए-हिजाज़ अपना, इस नाम से है बाक़ी आराम-ए-जाँ हमारा |
Our leader of the caravan is the Chief of the Hijaz, through that name the peace of our spirit lives on. |
'इक़बाल' का तराना बाँग-ए-दरा है गोया, होता है जादा-पैमा फिर कारवाँ हमारा |
Iqbal's song is the call of a bell, again our caravan is on the road. |
Athiesm | Thiesm |
It is my belief that there is not enough evidence to prove that God exists! Why should it offend to theist? | The burden of proof lies equally on athiests! |
As I do not have the evidences, I cannot say that the god does not exist. I can still question the way the existence of god is presented! | One cannot argue that absence of evidence is the evidence of absence (of God). |
Resonableness is demonstrated not asserted! | God! Who else could it be? |
Only argument a religion person has is the faith! Can a book written by a mortal be used as evidence of the super-natural! | |
The bible is not evidence, the bible is the claim. Evidence is needed that the claims made in the Bible are real, untill that time, I am not convinced by a book. | There are too many instances of miracle and super-natural events. |
Argumentum ad populum is a fallacious argument that concludes that a proposition must be true because many or most people believe it, often concisely encapsulated as: "If many believe so, it is so." | |
One thing often overlooked is that the Bible isn't alone in its claims. Other holy texts make similar claims of supernatural occurrences and in general, there are claims in the MILLIONS about supernatural things happening in the world. | |
The bible is evidence that a book exists. I know that the book "The Wonderful Wizard of Oz" is 100% true because Dorothy was from Kansas and we know that Kansas exists. | |
Why does a Christian expect a book written by unknown authors in a variety of languages, that was translated, rewritten, edited countless times is evidence for anything? | |
Do all 4 gosples agree with each other? They are supposed to be ultimate truth. God loves us so much, he created hell, just in case we don't love him back. The Bible is not evidence of anything and has zero credibility. | |
So if a slave can choose between serving and getting beaten to death, that means he's free! "It says in the Bible!" - the standard go-to clause. This is the power and incessant drip-feeding of indoctrinaion. It utterly destroys the ability to think logically and critically. | |
Your failure to understand science does not prove the existence of god. Religious nutters don't seem to understand the difference between "X exists" and "I believe that X exists". | |
God is omni-protent, omni-present and omi-scient! Can he create a rock which he cannot lift? |
The ferocity of the Christian struggles between Protestants and Catholics, which devastated Christian Europe in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries and finally drove Christians in desperation to evolve a doctrine of the separation of religion from the state. Christians claim the peaceful message of Christ. Whether that is true or not, the barbaric Christian wars are shown in chronological order here. The Christians were very close to annihilate each other in second tribal war of Europe aka World War II.
Source: Rudyard Kipling, "The White Man's Burden: The United States and The Philippine Islands, 1899" - Rudyard Kipling's Verse: Definitive Edition (Garden City, New York: Doubleday, 1929)
The Sacrifices of Isaac and Jephthah’s Daughter, Monastery of Saint Antony on the Red Sea
Animal sacrifices: theguardian.com/commentisfree/belief/2011/dec/15/no-role-animal-sacrifice-christianity
Reference: Christianity and Genocide in Rwanda by Timothy Longman, Boston University, Cambridge University Press: Although Rwanda is among the most Christian countries in Africa, in the 1994 genocide, church buildings became the primary killing grounds. To explain why so many Christians participated in the violence, this book looks at the history of Christian engagement in Rwanda and then turns to a rich body of original national- and local-level research to argue that Rwanda's churches have consistently allied themselves with the state and played ethnic politics.
Rwandan Genocide and Role of Churches: christianitytoday.com/ct/2019/april/denise-uwimana-from-red-earth-rwanda-genocide.html and berkleycenter.georgetown.edu/responses/the-role-of-the-catholic-church-in-the-rwandan-genocide-and-post-genocide-reconciliation
mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/HistTopics/Infinity: Giordano Bruno was not a mathematician or scientist, but he argued vigorously the case for an infinite universe in "On the infinite universe and worlds" (1584). Brought before the Inquisition, he was tortured for nine years in an attempt to make him agree that the universe was finite. He refused to change his views and he was burned at the stake in 1600.
Reference: npr.org/2021/05/21/999020140/its-now-legal-to-practice-yoga-in-alabamas-public-schools -- "Alabama Gov. Kay Ivey has signed a bill to allow public schools to offer yoga, ending a ban that stood for nearly 30 years. Christian conservatives who back the ban said yoga would open the door for people to be converted to Hinduism."
theguardian.com/society/2018/jan/07/witchcraft-economics-reformation-catholic-protestant-market-share: Over the course of a century and a half, 80,000 people were tried for witchcraft and half of them were executed, often burned alive. PDF version of the article can be found here.
qz.com/1183992/why-europe-was-overrun-by-witch-hunts-in-early-modern-history: Germany was once the witch-burning capital of the world. The PDF version can be found here: Between 1400 to 1782, when Switzerland tried and executed Europe’s last supposed witch, between 40,000 and 60,000 people were put to death for witchcraft, according to historical consensus.
catholiceducation.org/en/controversy/common-misconceptions/who-burned-the-witches.html: Matilda Gage's estimate of nine million women burned is more than 200 times the best current estimate of 30,000 to 50,000 killed during the 400 years from 1400 to 1800 — a large number but no Holocaust. The PDF version can be found here PDF version of the article can be found here.
Nowhere in any of the gospels (including Matthew and John) is there any claim of first-person eyewitness of anything. Nowhere in any of the gospels does it say something like "And I, Matthew, said unot . . . " or "and Jesus said unto me." Nothing in any of the gospels claims to be an eyewitness account. Paul had never met Jesus. Paul had never seen Jesus. Paul had never seen a picture of Jesus. How did Paul know it was Jesus on the road to Damascus? No Temple or Roman record of a trial or execution. Historians and experts at risk of their jobs say that it is a historical event. David Fitzgerald found when he researched it that a majority of positions in religion departments and Bible history departments of major colleges were under strict contract on penalty of disemployment to never deviate from the belief that Jesus existed!
The Book of Mormon has three witnesses who signed a document saying that they not only saw the plates that the Book of Mormon was supposedly translated from, but they also saw and heard an angel who testified to them that it was true. The historical record also shows that these three witnesses were later asked about it by people who were not believers in the Book of Mormon and that they stuck to their claim.
Is there any similar document for the resurrection of Jesus? Is there anything in the handwriting of any of the supposed witnesses to the resurrection of Jesus? Is there any document where a second party has said that a witness of the resurrection has verified to them that they had actually witnessed it? It seems to me the evidence for the Book of Mormon is far superior to the evidence for the resurrection.
Assuming the gospels are historically accurate for the sake of argument:Regarding the weak and imperfect God of Dispensationalism, God forbade Adam and Hava (Eve) from eating the fruit of the tree of knowledge of good and evil, then punished them for the sin of doing so, but they couldn't have known yet that disobeying God was evil because they didn't yet have the knowledge of good and evil...and couldn't until they ate the fruit. Thus, the Original Sin for which all Mankind is now "condemned by default" is a sin the original sinners couldn't know, was a sin until after they had sinned. What loving heavenly father would set up his children to fail like that?
Proof of Jesus
Credible historians require multiple, consistent, independent, unrevised over time, corroborating, contemporarily written accounts, written by known persons, known to be eyewitnesses, and known NOT to have been biased toward the subject being reported. Why do the New Testament gospels fail to meet the criteria required by credible historians?Here you are, promoting a Genocidal, Magic Sky Daddy who "Loves" You but will torture you FOREVER because you don't accept his Magic Sky Son. Who, FYI, is NOT accepted by The Torah and is clearly contradicted by it. What's that about "False Idols" again? Is Jesus considered a zombie definitionally? He didn't eat brains as far as I know but he is fictional like zombies so... maybe. Why at all discuss anything about an individual who never existed in history?
12 zodiac signs, 12 apostles of Jesus of Nazareth, 12 imams in Shia, 12 Olympians in ancient Greece, 12 tribes of the Israelites, 12 hours (day / night) 12 months, 12: Joseph and his eleven brothers, 12 gates of Jerusalem, 12 missions of Heracles, 12 springs in the Qur'an that Moses gushed into Israel. Nor does it surprise me that Indians, Brazilians, Chinese or Mexicans know no prophets and have never been bothered by this kind of enigma.
"What Do We Know of a Biological Father of Jesus?" The Bible makes it clear that a human descendant of David, not God, was the father of Jesus. The terms, "seed", "flesh", "root", "fruit of his loins", and "offspring" mean that Jesus was the biological son of Joseph. Matthew 1:1 - "This is the genealogy of Jesus Christ, the son of David." John 42 - "They said, "Is this not Jesus, the son of Joseph, whose father and mother we know? How can he now say, ‘I came down from heaven’?” Acts 2:30 - "Therefore being a prophet [David], and knowing that God had sworn an oath to him, that of the fruit of his loins, according to the flesh, he would raise up Christ to sit on his throne." Hebrews 2:16 - "For verily he [Jesus] took not on him the nature of angels, but he took on him the seed of Abraham." Acts 13:23 - "Of David's seed hath God, according to his promise, raised unto Israel a saviour, Jesus." Romans 1:3 - "Concerning his son Jesus Christ, who was made of the seed of David according to the flesh." 2 Timothy 2:8 - "Remember that Jesus Christ is the seed of David." Revelation 22:16 - "I, Jesus have sent my angel to testify unto you these things in the churches; I am the root (progeny) and the offspring of David." John 1:45 - “We have found the one Moses wrote about in the Law, and about whom the prophets also wrote; Jesus of Nazareth, the son of Joseph.” Matthew 9:27 - "When Jesus departed thence, two blind men followed him, crying, and saying, thou son of David, have mercy on us."
Christ-worshippers! We want an answer to our question [from your wise ones], If the Lord was murdered by some people's act, what kind of god is this? We wonder! Was He pleased by what they did to Him? If yes, blessed be they, they achieved His pleasure, But if He was discontented, this means their power had subjugated Him! Was the whole entity left without a Sustainer, so who answered the prayers? Were the heavens vacated, when He laid under the ground somewhere? Were all the worlds left without a God, to manage while His hands were nailed? Why did not the angels help Him, when they heard him while he wailed? How could the rods stand to bear the True Lord when He was fastened, How could the irons reached Him and [had] His body pinned? How could His enemies’ hands reach Him and slap His rear, And was Christ revived by himself, or was the Reviver another god? What a sight it was, a grave that enclosed a god, Stranger still is the belly that confined Him! He stayed there for nine months in utter darkness, fed by blood! Then he got out of the womb as a small baby, Weak and gasping to be breast-fed! He ate and drank, and did what that naturally resulted, Is this [what you call] a god? High Exalted be Allah above the lies of Christians, All of them will be held accountable for their libels! O Cross-worshippers! For what reason is this exalted and blame [is cast upon those] who reject it? Is it not logical to break and burn it, along with the one who innovated it? Since the Lord was crucified on it, and his hands were fastened to it? That is really a cursed cross to carry, So discard it, do not kiss it! The Lord was abused on it, and you adore it? So [it is clear that] you are one of His enemies! If you extol it because it carried the Lord of the Worlds, Why don't you prostrate yourself and worship graves, Since the grave contained your god in it? So Christ-worshippers, open your eyes, This is what the matter is all about. Poem by Ibnul Qayyim al-Jawziyyah
The phrase Middle Ages tells us more about the Renaissance that followed it than it does about the era itself. Starting around the 14th century, European thinkers, writers and artists began to look back and celebrate the art and culture of ancient Greece and Rome. Accordingly, they dismissed the period after the fall of Rome as a Middle or even Dark age in which no scientific accomplishments had been made, no great art produced, no great leaders born. The people of the Middle Ages had squandered the advancements of their predecessors, this argument went, and mired themselves instead in what 18th-century English historian Edward Gibbon called "barbarism and religion".
Treaty of Versailles
Ended first Tribal War of Europe and led to second Tribal War of Europe. Treaty of Vienna - 1864: Second War of Schleswig betwen Prussia + Austria vs. Denmark where Prussia acquires Schleswig and Austria acquires Holstein. ARTICLE XII of the treaty: "The Governments of Prussia and of Austria shall be reimbursed by the Duchies for the expenses of the war." Peace of Prague - 1866: "His Majesty the Emperor of Austria obliges himself to pay His Majesty the King of Prussia the sum of forty million Prussian Thaler [$28M], in order to cover a part of Prussia's costs grown out of the war." Treaty of Versailles - 1871: ARTICLE II: France shall pay the Emperor of Germany the sum of 5,000,000,000 Francs. Treaty of Bucharest - 1918: Romania leases oil wells to Germany for 99 years, Germans 'supervise' every Romanian ministry. Georges Clemenceau, byname The Tiger, French Le Tigre: [1]"Mr. Wilson bores me with his 14 Points. God Almighty only has 10." [2]"America is far away and protected by the ocean. England could not be reached by Napoleon himself. You are sheltered, both of you; we are not." [3]Wilson: "Have you ever been to Germany, M. Clemenceau?" "No, sir! But twice in my lifetime they have been to France." [4]He married one of his pupils, Mary Plummer, in 1869 and 3 children were born of this union, but the couple separated after seven years. [5] With his desire for poetic justice, he insisted that the Treaty of Versailles be signed (June 28, 1919) in the Hall of Mirrors of the Versailles palace where, in 1871, William I had had himself proclaimed German emperor.“We must not worry about committing an offense against the rights of nations nor about violating the laws of humanity. Such feelings today are of secondary importance.” -- Matthias Erzberger - Leader of Center (Zentrum) Party, “Once peace has been concluded, we can present our enemies with the bill for this war.” -- Karl Helfferich - Secretary for the Treasury
If we wish to find a scapegoat on whose shoulders we may lay the miseries which Germany has brought upon the world - I am more and more convinced that the worst evil genius of that country is not Hitler or Bismarck or Frederick the Great, but Martin Luther. -Reverend William Ralph Inge, 1944. Luther's attitude toward the Jews appeared to change over his life. His earlier attitudes seemed were sympathetic towards the Jews. The most convincing evidence of this is his publication in 1523 of the essay "That Jesus Christ Was Born a Jew". In it, he urged Christians to treat Jews more gently, and condemned those who treated them as inhuman.
Luther wrote a treatise in 1543 titled On the Jews and Their Lies. In this 65,000-word document, he repeatedly attacks the Jews. "Set fire to their synagogues or schools", Martin Luther recommended in On the Jews and Their Lies. Jewish houses should “be razed and destroyed,” and Jewish “prayer books and Talmudic writings, in which such idolatry, lies, cursing, and blasphemy are taught, [should] be taken from them." In addition, "their rabbis [should] be forbidden to teach on pain of loss of life and limb." Still, this wasn’t enough. Luther also urged that "safe-conduct on the highways be abolished completely for the Jews," and that "all cash and treasure of silver and gold be taken from them." What Jews could do was to have "a flail, an ax, a hoe, a spade” put into their hands so “young, strong Jews and Jewesses” could “earn their bread in the sweat of their brow."
Hitler himself named Luther as one of history’s greatest reformers in his novel, Mein Kampf.
The category "superstitions" includes trials related to witchcraft. The witch-hunt in Spain had much less intensity than in other European countries (particularly France, England, and Germany). One remarkable case was the case of Logroño, in which the witches of Zugarramurdi in Navarre were persecuted. During the Auto de Fe that took place in Logroño on November 7 and November 8, 1610, 6 people were burned and another 5 burned in effigy.
Council of Antioch, (341 CE): a non-ecumenical Christian church council held at Antioch (Turkey) on the occasion of the consecration of the emperor Constantine I’s Golden Church there. It was the first of several 4th-century councils that attempted to replace orthodox Nicene theology with a modified Arianism.
First Council of Constantinople, (381 CE): the second ecumenical council of the Christian church, summoned by the emperor Theodosius I and meeting in Constantinople - declared finally the Trinitarian doctrine of the equality of the Holy Spirit with the Father and the Son. Pope Damasus I in Rome appears to have accepted the creed but not the canons
Slave Trades by Christians
Britain was one of the most successful slave-trading countries. Together with Portugal, the two countries accounted for about 70% of all Africans transported to the Americas. Britain was the most dominant between 1640 and 1807 and it is estimated that Britain transported 3.1 million Africans (of whom 2.7 million arrived) to the British colonies in the Caribbean, North and South America and to other countries.
Anti-slavery campaigners lobbied for twenty years to end the trade and the Abolition of the Slave Trade Act was passed in Britain on 25 March 1807. It was declared that from the 1 May 1807 ‘all manner of dealing and reading in the purchase, sale, barter, or transfer of slaves or of persons intending to be sold, transferred, used, or dealt with as slaves, practiced or carried in, at, or from any part of the coast or countries of Africa shall be abolished, prohibited and declared to be unlawful’. Slavery was abolished in 1834 but in reality for many of those enslaved it continued until at least 1838 through apprenticehip schemes.
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